血小板杀死内性疟疾寄生虫,并介导感染后的生存
Brendan J McMorran1, Vikki M Marshall, Carolyn de Graaf
1Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia. brendan.mcmorran@utas.edu.au
概括
血小板在红细胞内杀死疟疾寄生虫,在早期感染期间提供保护. 抑制血小板增加了对致命疟疾的易感性,揭示了除脑疟疾之外的新型保护作用.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 血液学 血液学 血液学
背景情况:
- 血小板与疟疾的病原发生有关,特别是脑性疟疾,通过促进感染的红细胞封存.
- 血小板还在对微生物病原体的天生的免疫力中发挥着已知的作用.
研究的目的:
- 研究血小板在对抗Plasmodium falciparum感染中的直接作用.
- 为了确定血小板是否表现出除了它们在脑疟疾中已知的作用之外,对疟疾的保护功能.
主要方法:
- 纯化的人类血小板被用于在体外治疗感染Plasmodium falciparum的红细胞.
- 使用阿司匹林和其他抑制剂抑制了血小板功能.
- 用血小板缺乏和用阿司匹林治疗的小鼠研究了红细胞性Plasmodium chabaudi感染的小鼠模型.
主要成果:
- 人类血小板在实验室中证明了直接杀死Plasmodium falciparum寄生虫.
- 抑制血小板功能取消了杀死寄生虫的作用.
- 血小板缺乏和阿司匹林治疗的小鼠表现出对致命疟疾的易感性增加.
- 观察到人类和小鼠的血小板都能结合感染的红细胞并杀死细胞内寄生虫.
结论:
- 血小板在感染的早期红细胞阶段对疟疾寄生虫具有直接的保护作用.
- 这种保护功能与它们在脑疟疾病变发生过程中之前所理解的作用不同.
相关概念视频
Malaria
Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Structure and Function of Platelets
The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets, with...
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets, with...
Formation of the Platelet Plug
The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
Symbiosis
Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
Diversity of Protists II
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
Antiplatelet Drugs: Prostaglandin Synthesis, P2Y12 and Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
Antiplatelet drugs emerge as frontline defenders against the insidious threat of thromboembolic diseases, where abnormal clots obstruct vital blood vessels. These drugs stand as bulwarks, inhibiting platelet aggregation and clot formation, thereby mitigating the risk of life-threatening conditions like myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and thrombotic strokes.
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, exemplified by the widely known aspirin, wield their power by irreversibly acetylating...


