主要护理和健康. 一个跨国比较
1Department of Health Policy Management, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205.
JAMA
|October 23, 1991
概括
在初级医疗保健,健康指标和人口满意度方面,比较十个工业化国家,发现加拿大,瑞典和荷兰的评级始终很高. 美国和西德在这些关键卫生系统措施中表现不佳.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 医疗系统比较分析与分析
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 对医疗保健系统的国际比较对于确定最佳实践和改进领域至关重要.
- 了解初级保健,健康结果和公众满意度之间的关系对于有效的卫生政策至关重要.
- 之前的研究已经强调了工业化国家医疗保健绩效的差异.
研究的目的:
- 基于初级医疗保健范围,健康指标水平和人口对系统成本的满意度,比较十个西方工业化国家.
- 开发指数来表征初级保健,并根据健康指标对国家进行排名.
- 为了确定这些措施在各个国家之间一致或不一致的模式.
主要方法:
- 使用已公布的数据对十个西方工业化国家的比较分析.
- 开发指数来衡量初级保健的程度和国家排名在12个健康指标 (例如,婴儿死亡率,预期寿命) 上.
- 评估人口对医疗保健系统成本的满意度.
主要成果:
- 在10个国家中,在9个国家中,在初级保健,健康指标和满意度-费用比率之间观察到普遍一致.
- 美国和西德在所有三个指标上都获得了低评级.
- 加拿大,瑞典和荷兰在初级保健,健康指标和满意度-费用比率方面表现出普遍高的评级.
- 英国显示缺乏一致性,可能与较低的社会服务和公共教育支出有关.
结论:
- 医疗保健系统的表现,包括初级保健,健康结果和公众满意度,在工业化国家之间有很大的差异.
- 像加拿大,瑞典和荷兰这样的国家在提供全面和令人满意的医疗保健方面似乎在成本方面表现出色.
- 这些发现为美国正在进行的关于医疗保健组织和融资改革的辩论提供了宝贵的见解.
相关概念视频
01:18Introduction To Health Care Delivery System
The healthcare system is constantly changing and complex. Various services are available from different healthcare providers, but gaining access to these services has become challenging for people with limited healthcare insurance. Uninsured people present a challenge to healthcare because they frequently postpone or forego treatment.
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) advocates for a patient-centered, effective, safe, timely, equitable, and effective healthcare system. The National Priorities...
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) advocates for a patient-centered, effective, safe, timely, equitable, and effective healthcare system. The National Priorities...
01:26Methods Of Healthcare Delivery System
At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
Managed Care System:
The managed care system is designed to control the cost while maintaining the quality of care. The patient's care from admission to discharge is planned by the primary care provider or the case manager, also known as the gatekeeper. In a managed care system, the number of care providers is limited...
01:26Traditional Level Of Health Care System
The levels of care describe the services provided in the healthcare system. Accordingly, there are six levels of the traditional healthcare system in the US: preventive, primary, secondary, tertiary, restorative, and continuing healthcare. A nurse must understand how the healthcare industry organizes and provides services within these levels of care.
The preventive healthcare service includes tests for screening. Preventive health care services include identifying and reducing disease risk...
The preventive healthcare service includes tests for screening. Preventive health care services include identifying and reducing disease risk...
01:30Primary Healthcare Services
Primary care promotes wellness and prevents disease. This care includes health promotion, education, protection (such as immunizations), early disease screening, and environmental considerations. Settings providing this type of healthcare include physician offices, public health clinics, school nursing, and community health nursing.
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
In 1978, international leaders convened in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, for what would be a pivotal event in global health. The Alma-Ata Declaration was the first to call...
01:11Secondary Healthcare System
Secondary healthcare is offered by a specialist, generally in hospitals or clinics for patients referred by primary healthcare providers. It occurs when a person has an illness or injury that requires specific medical care. Secondary care is often referred to as acute care. Secondary care can range from uncomplicated care to repair a minor laceration or treat a strep throat infection to more complicated emergent care, such as treating a head injury sustained in an automobile accident. Whatever...
01:29Documentation in Long-Term and Home Healthcare Setting
Documentation in long-term care facilities and home healthcare settings is crucial for ensuring continuous, coordinated, and comprehensive care for patients. Each setting has its specific documentation processes and tools:
Long-Term Care Facilities
Long-Term Care Facilities