评论"人类视觉中有限的工作记忆资源的动态转移"
Nelson Cowan1, Jeffrey N Rouder
1Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. CowanN@missouri.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 14, 2009
概括
人类工作记忆的容量仅限于几个表现良好的项目,而不是在所有项目中分配资源. 这种项目限制模型更好地解释了当前数据,并提供了更清晰的理论解释.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人类的记忆 人类的记忆
背景情况:
- 人类工作记忆能力的性质一直在争论中,有两种突出的模型:分布式资源与项目限制.
- 以前的研究表明,工作内存资源分布在数组中的所有项目中.
- 另一种观点认为,记忆仅限于有限数量的表现良好的项目.
研究的目的:
- 评估人类工作记忆能力的竞争模型.
- 确定分布式资源模型或项目限制模型是否更适合现有的实证数据.
主要方法:
- 重新分析关于工作记忆容量的现有数据.
- 分布资源和项目限制模型的理论比较.
主要成果:
- 项目限制模型与分布式资源模型相比,对可用的数据提供了更好的匹配.
- 项目限制模型提供了一个更易于解释的理论框架,用于理解工作记忆的限制.
结论:
- 人类工作记忆的容量受限于可以保存的项目数量的限制,而不是资源的一般分布.
- 项目限制模型是对工作记忆性能的更节和经验支持的解释.
相关概念视频
01:24Color Vision
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
01:15Depth Perception and Spatial Vision
Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.