许多RNA降解的途径
Jonathan Houseley1, David Tollervey
1Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK.
Cell
|February 26, 2009
概括
细胞积极降解RNA,转录的比它们保留的更多. 这种调节的RNA降解对于细胞功能至关重要,它针对有缺陷的分子,对于识别特定的RNA标来说至关重要.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 细胞转录的RNA显著超过它们的积累,这表明活跃的RNA降解途径.
- RNA降解是一个受管制的过程,不同RNA类型的寿命有所不同,如核糖体RNA,信使RNA和切除的内核.
- 细胞监控机制识别并迅速降解处理,折叠或蛋白质组装中存在缺陷的RNA分子.
研究的目的:
- 要突出RNA降解在所有细胞中的无处不在和必不可少的性质.
- 强调需要精确控制RNA降解以准确识别点RNA的关键需求.
- 确定该领域关于RNA标识机制的核心问题.
主要方法:
- 对RNA生产和稳定状态水平的比较分析.
- 在不同RNA物种中观察RNA降解模式.
- 研究细胞监控机器在识别缺陷RNA中的作用.
主要成果:
- 有证据支持细胞中存在活跃和广泛的RNA降解系统.
- RNA降解受到严格监管,各种RNA类型的降解速度是特定的.
- 缺陷的RNA分子被细胞监视有效地准和降解.
结论:
- RNA降解是一种基本的细胞过程,在所有细胞类型中无处不在.
- 通过降解机制精确控制和识别点RNA,对于细胞平衡至关重要.
- 了解RNA在降解过程中的标识机制是分子生物学中一个关键的未解答问题.
相关概念视频
02:51mRNA Stability and Gene Expression
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
02:51mRNA Stability and Gene Expression
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
02:31Nuclear Export of mRNA
Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
01:53RNA Stability
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
01:53RNA Stability
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
01:23Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...