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Msx1和Osr2的对抗性作用使哺乳动物的牙变成一排的牙
Zunyi Zhang1, Yu Lan, Yang Chai
1Center for Oral Biology and Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 3, 2009
概括
缺乏奇异跳过相关-2 (Osr2) 基因的小鼠由于扩大了牙产生场所,产生了额外的牙. 这项研究揭示了Bmp4-Msx1通路对于脊椎动物牙的模式至关重要.
科学领域:
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 哺乳动物的牙以单一的牙排列为特征,与许多非哺乳动物脊椎动物中发现的多排牙不同.
- 控制代牙启动和将哺乳动物牙发育限制在单一行上的分子机制在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 在哺乳动物中研究调节牙发育和形成模式的分子机制.
- 确定转录因子奇异跳过相关-2 (Osr2) 在控制牙发育和牙结构中的作用.
主要方法:
- 利用缺少Osr2基因的淘汰赛小鼠研究其在牙发育中的功能.
- 分析了基因表达模式,特别关注发育中的牙中的骨形态遗传蛋白4 (Bmp4) 和Msx1.
- 检查了Osr2缺乏对牙发育领域和牙启动的影响.
主要成果:
- 缺少Osr2的小鼠表现出多余的牙,发展到牙的舌头,表明牙产生场的扩张.
- Osr2的表达遵循了语言到口腔的梯度,限制了牙发育信号Bmp4在发育中的牙介质中的表达.
- 在Osr2缺乏的小鼠中,口腔产生场的扩张取决于Msx1,这是已知的Bmp4表达的反激活剂.
结论:
- Bmp4-Msx1信号通路对于传递连续牙诱导所需的中酶体激活至关重要.
- 通过Osr2对Bmp4-Msx1通路的空间调制提供了脊椎动物牙模式的分子机制,解释了哺乳动物单排牙.
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