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Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides
Published on: June 2, 2022
快速和简单的 ribozymic 氨基化,使用三个保存的核酸
N V Chumachenko1, Y Novikov, M Yarus
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0347, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 9, 2009
概括
研究人员发现了能够进行氨基化的简单RNA酶 (核糖酶). 这些新型的 ribozymes 功能最小的组件,并提供洞察早期的生物催化和翻译.
科学领域:
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 在RNA催化过程中.
背景情况:
- 发现新型RNA酶 (核糖酶) 对于了解早期生命和开发新生物技术至关重要.
- 选择放大方法在识别功能核酸分子方面发挥了重要作用.
研究的目的:
- 识别和表征具有氨基化活性的新型RNA酶 (核糖酶).
- 阐明一种新发现的氨基化 ribozyme 的催化机制和结构特征.
主要方法:
- 应用了选择放大策略,从随机RNA池中识别 ribozymes.
- 使用精确的原料去除,以选择特定的催化活性.
- 采用基于分子力学的自由能量最小化来研究反应机制.
主要成果:
- 在三个选择周期后,确定了高度活性的氨基化 ribozymes (k(cat) = 12-20 min(-1)).
- 活性部位仅由三个保存的核酸组成,并且独立于双价离子.
- 计算建模预测和实验验证实了L-立体选择性,2'-区域选择性,以及与氨基酸侧链的独立性.
结论:
- 鉴定到的 ribozymes 具有异常简单的活性部位,这表明产生小,高效的 ribozymes 的一般途径.
- 来自甲酸的RNA催化氨基化比来自CoA二 Ester更简单,这可能解释了基于甲酸的翻译激活.
- 这些发现为翻译的起源和工程RNA催化剂的潜力提供了洞察力.
相关概念视频
Ribozymes
The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...
Ribozymes can be...
Ribozymes
The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
Ribozymes can be...
Ribozymes can be...
tRNA Activation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
tRNA Activation
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
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Nucleic Acid Structure
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
DNA Structure
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