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Activation of Apoptosis by Cytoplasmic Microinjection of Cytochrome c
Published on: June 29, 2011
XIAP区分了FAS诱导的I型和II型亡
Philipp J Jost1, Stephanie Grabow, Daniel Gray
1The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne University, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia.
Nature
|July 24, 2009
概括
失去了XIAP (X染色体相关的亡蛋白抑制剂) 功能使得肝脏和β细胞在没有BID的情况下触发亡. 这揭示了XIAP是亡信号差异的关键,并建议在肝脏患者中谨慎使用IAP抑制剂.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 细胞亡的分子机制
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- FAS (APO-1/CD95) 和FASL对于消除不需要的细胞,预防自身免疫和癌症至关重要.
- 细胞类型之间的亡途径不同:I型细胞 (例如,淋巴细胞) 直接激活效应,而II型细胞 (例如,肝细胞) 需要通过BID进行放大.
- XIAP (X染色体相关的亡蛋白抑制剂) 是亡的一个关键调节剂.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究XIAP在区分FAS诱导的细胞灭绝I型和II型细胞之间的作用.
- 为了确定XIAP抑制是否可以改变II型细胞中的亡机制.
主要方法:
- 在小鼠中准基因以破坏XIAP功能.
- 用SMAC (DIABLO) 仿制药物来抑制XIAP的使用.
- 在肝细胞和胰腺β细胞中分析FAS诱导的亡.
主要成果:
- 通过基因向或SMAC模仿药物失去XIAP功能,使肝细胞和β细胞 (II型) 独立于FAS诱导的亡的BID.
- XIAP被确定为区分I型和II型亡信号通路的关键因素.
- 肝细胞和β细胞,通常是II型,在XIAP抑制时表现出I型类似的亡.
结论:
- XIAP是I型和II型亡信号之间的关键区分器.
- IAP抑制剂 (如SMAC模仿剂) 可能以需要谨慎的方式改变细胞亡,特别是在患有肝脏疾病的癌症患者中.
- 了解XIAP的作用对于开发向癌症治疗和管理潜在副作用至关重要.
相关概念视频
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Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside cells.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
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Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...

