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相关概念视频

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

人类端粒酶在行为中被捕.

Peng Wu1, Titia de Lange

  • 1The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. pwu01@mail.rockefeller.edu

Cell
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
概括

端粒酶在人类癌细胞中的大多数端粒在每个S阶段延长,而不仅仅是最短的. 在端粒酶作用后,补链合成也不是立即发生的.

科学领域:

  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 癌症研究 癌症研究

背景情况:

  • 端粒酶是负责维持端粒长度的关键酶.
  • 之前的模型表明,端粒酶优先延长最短的端粒.
  • 人们还认为,补充链的合成立即跟随着端粒酶的作用.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究人类癌细胞中端粒酶对端粒延长的动态.
  • 确定端粒酶是否优先作用于较短的端粒.
  • 在端粒维护过程中检查G丰富和补充链合成的合.

主要方法:

  • 在人类癌细胞中分析端粒长度动态.
  • 在细胞周期的S阶段观察端粒酶活性.
  • 对端粒中的DNA合成模式的研究.

主要成果:

  • 观察到端粒酶活性延长了大多数端粒,而不仅仅是最短的.
  • 端粒由端粒酶延长发生在每个S阶段.
  • 补充DNA链的合成并不立即跟随端粒酶介导的富G链延伸.

结论:

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Droplet Digital TRAP (ddTRAP): Adaptation of the Telomere Repeat Amplification Protocol to Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction
06:38

Droplet Digital TRAP (ddTRAP): Adaptation of the Telomere Repeat Amplification Protocol to Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

Published on: May 3, 2019

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
09:25

In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase

Published on: July 14, 2011

Droplet Digital TRAP (ddTRAP): Adaptation of the Telomere Repeat Amplification Protocol to Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction
06:38

Droplet Digital TRAP (ddTRAP): Adaptation of the Telomere Repeat Amplification Protocol to Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

Published on: May 3, 2019

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
08:26

Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

Published on: June 12, 2018

  • 通过端粒酶对最短端粒的偏好延长的既定模型受到挑战.
  • 癌细胞中端粒酶的端粒维护是一个比以前想象的更广泛的过程.
  • 端粒合成的机制涉及到领先和滞后链合成的时间分离.