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1988年以色列爆发脊髓灰质炎疫情:一份报告与两个评论
P E Slater1, W A Orenstein, A Morag
1Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel.
Lancet (London, England)
|May 19, 1990
概括
1988年在以色列爆发的脊髓灰质炎疫情导致大规模接种疫苗. 专家们讨论了增强型非活化脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (eIPV) 或联合eIPV和口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (OPV) 策略是否是未来预防脊髓灰质炎的最佳策略.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 1988年麻性脊髓灰质炎疫情发生在以色列,主要发生在哈德拉分区.
- 自1982年以来,该地区专门用于婴儿的增强性失活性脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (eIPV).
- 在15例中,有9例是15岁以上的成年人,其中许多人先前接种过口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (OPV).
研究的目的:
- 调查以色列1型脊髓灰质炎病毒爆发的原因.
- 评估不同脊髓灰质炎疫苗策略在控制疫情中的有效性.
- 为以色列未来的脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种政策提供信息.
主要方法:
- 对疫情病例,疫苗接种历史和地理分布的分析.
- 疫苗菌株和流行病菌株之间的血清阳性和抗体标位的比较.
- 对潜在的传播途径进行流行病学调查,包括污水和社会接触.
主要成果:
- 这次疫情涉及15例因1型脊髓灰质炎病毒引起的麻性脊髓灰质炎病例.
- 有相当数量的病例发生在先前接种OPV疫苗的个人或年轻成年人中.
- 研究人员之间关于主要致病因素和最佳疫苗接种方法的分歧.
结论:
- 一组建议以色列联合eIPV和OPV疫苗接种计划,理由是OPV疫苗接种成人的敏感性和eIPV疫苗接种儿童的潜在低肠道免疫力.
- 另一个群体更倾向于单独使用eIPV,将疫情归因于环境暴露,一种独特的流行病菌株,与疫苗菌株相比,对这种菌株的抗体反应较低.
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