狗,狼和人类婴儿对人类沟通的敏感性不同
József Topál1, György Gergely, Agnes Erdohegyi
1Research Institute for Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1132 Budapest, Hungary. topaljozsef@gmail.com
概括
当实验者使用沟通线索时,婴儿和狗会产生更多的对象搜索错误. 这表明,对人类沟通的共享敏感性在Homo和Canis属中演变趋同.
科学领域:
- 比較心理學 比較心理學
- 发展心理学是发展心理学.
- 进化生物学是进化生物学.
背景情况:
- 婴儿表现出持久的搜索错误,在最初的位置反复寻找物体,尽管观察到它们移动.
- 来自实验者的沟通线索可能会影响人类婴儿的这些搜索错误.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查狗是否表现出类似的坚持性搜索错误受到沟通线索的影响.
- 为了比较狗,人类婴儿和狼在物体搜索中的沟通信号的作用.
- 探索犬类对人类沟通敏感性的进化基础.
主要方法:
- 在不同的社会背景下与狗 (Canis familiaris) 进行婴儿对象永久性任务的复制:表面沟通,非沟通和非社会.
- 对狗在这些环境中搜索错误率的比较分析.
- 狗的结果与人类婴儿的现有数据和人类养的狼 (Canis lupus) 的新收集的数据进行比较.
主要成果:
- 与非沟通 (39%) 或非社交 (17%) 背景相比,狗在表面沟通的背景下 (75%的试验) 犯了显著更多的搜索错误.
- 人类养的狼在搜索错误中没有表现出取决于上下文的差异,与狗不同.
- 对狗和婴儿来说,沟通信号似乎具有不同的功能.
结论:
- 狗在对象搜索任务上的表现是由人类的沟通线索调节的,类似于人类婴儿.
- 狼群中缺乏上下文依赖的搜索错误表明这种敏感性是特定于养狗的,可能源于与人类相交的社会进化.
- 对人类沟通信号的共享敏感性可能是Homo和Canis属之间的融合进化的结果.
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