正式 [4 + 2] 循环添加的供体-接受体循环和化物:立体选择性访问替代的四基
Andrew T Parsons1, Jeffrey S Johnson
1Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 22, 2009
概括
一种新的方法有效地合成 cis-disubstituted tetrahydropyrans (THPs) 使用易斯酸催化循环添加. 这种方法可以实现高产量和优异的多选择性,用于各种化物.
科学领域:
- 有机化学 有机化学
- 合成化学 合成化学
- 催化剂是一种催化剂.
背景情况:
- 四基 (THPs) 是天然产品和药品中普遍存在的结构图案.
- 开发高效和立体选择性合成路径以取代THP仍然是有机合成的一个关键挑战.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种高度二选择性合成的2,6-cis-异位四基 (THPs).
- 探索使用各种类型的化物开发的方法的范围和局限性.
主要方法:
- 易斯酸催化形式的 [4 + 2] 循环添加反应.
- 作为主要反应伙伴,利用了捐赠者-接受者环和化物.
- 研究了用于直接合成THP的[2 + 2] + 2]循环添加.
主要成果:
- 在cis-THP产品中实现了高产量 (高达96%) 和出色的二选择性 (高达99:1).
- 证明了芳香性,肉和亚利法性化物作为二极化物的能力.
- 在没有中间分离的情况下,通过三组分循环添加直接成功合成THP.
结论:
- 开发的易斯酸催化循环添加提供了一个高效和立体选择性途径,以cis-disubstituted THPs.
- 该方法非常通用,适用于各种类型的化物基质.
- 扩展到三组分反应为THP合成提供了一种精简的方法.
相关概念视频
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction
The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
Cycloaddition Reactions: Overview
Cycloadditions are one of the most valuable and effective synthesis routes to form cyclic compounds. These are concerted pericyclic reactions between two unsaturated compounds resulting in a cyclic product with two new σ bonds formed at the expense of π bonds. The [4 + 2] cycloaddition, known as the Diels–Alder reaction, is the most common. The other example is a [2 + 2] cycloaddition.
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Bridged Bicyclic Products: Stereochemistry
Diels–Alder reactions between cyclic dienes locked in an s-cis configuration and dienophiles yield bridged bicyclic products.
Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation
Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry
The Diels–Alder reaction is one of the robust methods for synthesizing unsaturated six-membered rings. The reaction involves a concerted cyclic movement of six π electrons: four π electrons from the diene and two π electrons from the dienophile.

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