凝聚素通过控制染色体结构来调节中性DNA断裂分布,从而调节交叉频率
David G Mets1, Barbara J Meyer
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204, USA.
Cell
|September 29, 2009
概括
一种新型的凝聚酶复合体通过控制DNA双链断裂 (DSB) 的形成来调节介质交叉 (CO) 分布. 这一发现揭示了染色体结构如何影响CO重组和进化.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 介质交叉 (CO) 重组对于精确的染色体分离和进化至关重要.
- 碳排放分布受到严格监管,具有特定的模式,如非随机间距和热点偏好.
- 了解控制CO分布的分子机制对于理解基因组稳定性和进化至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在全染色体范围内识别调节介质交叉 (COs) 数量和分布的分子机械.
- 研究染色体结构在调节CO重组中的作用.
- 为CO热点的演变提供一个模型.
主要方法:
- 使用了C. elegans模型系统.
- 研究了一种由剂量补偿复合物的子单元组成的新型凝复合物的功能,以及线性凝II.
- 分析了DNA双链断裂 (DSB) 的形成和分布.
- 检查了介质染色体轴的长度.
- 进行了基因破坏实验和共抑制分析.
主要成果:
- 确定了一种控制CO数量和分布的凝聚酶复合体,在DNA双链断裂 (DSB) 形成的水平.
- 这种控制CO的凝聚酶的任何子单元的破坏改变了DSB的分布,影响COs和延伸介质染色体轴.
- 这些表型通过破坏染色体轴元素来部分挽救,这表明染色体结构和CO调节之间存在联系.
- 证明高阶染色体结构在调节CO重组中起作用.
结论:
- 一个特定的凝聚酶复合体通过影响DSB形成来调节介质性CO分布.
- 这种调节与高阶染色体结构有关.
- 这些发现为二氧化碳热点的快速演变提供了一个模型,并突出了分子部分混如何创造独特的功能机器.
相关概念视频
Condensins
Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
Condensins
Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
Crossing Over
Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process called synapsis.
In order to...
Crossing Over
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Gene Conversion
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Cohesins
Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...


