通过arylhydrazines的电移植形成共价附着的基单层形成的一般方法
Kristoffer Malmos1, Joseph Iruthayaraj, Steen U Pedersen
1Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 1, 2009
概括
研究人员开发了一种新的电化学方法,将基组连接到碳和金属表面. 这种技术可靠地创建了薄而明确的表面层,为表面修改提供了强大的选择.
科学领域:
- 电化学 电化学 电化学
- 表面科学是一门学科.
- 材料化学 材料化学
背景情况:
- 表面修饰对于定制材料特性至关重要.
- 现有的基附着方法可能对实验条件敏感.
研究的目的:
- 提出一种新的电化学方法,用于用基控制的表面功能化.
- 为了研究碳和金属表面上的基层的形成和特征.
主要方法:
- 使用轻微的氧化的arylhydrazines.
- 采用了电化学技术,PM-IRRAS和圆测量来进行表面分析.
主要成果:
- 在表面上成功形成了共组装的烯基单层.
- 单层厚度独立于替代剂,pH值,移植时间和潜力.
- 在实验条件下表现出对变化的高耐受性.
结论:
- 电化学方法提供了一种可靠和多功能途径,用于创建定义的aryl层.
- 这种方法适用于需要强大且控制良好的表面修改的应用.
相关概念视频
01:32Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview
Cyanohydrins are compounds that contain –CN and –OH groups on the same carbon atom. They are formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ions to the carbonyl group. Cyanide ions are highly basic and nucleophilic and can be generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. However, since HCN is a weak acid, the number of cyanide ions generated is very small. Hence, a small amount of base or KCN/NaCN is added to HCN to increase the concentration of the cyanide ions in the reaction mixture.
02:27Preparation of Alkynes: Alkylation Reaction
Introduction
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
Alkylation of terminal alkynes with primary alkyl halides in the presence of a strong base like sodium amide is one of the common methods for the synthesis of longer carbon-chain alkynes. For example, treatment of 1-propyne with sodium amide followed by reaction with ethyl bromide yields 2-pentyne.
01:11Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Friedel–Crafts Acylation of Benzene
The Friedel–Crafts acylation reactions involve the addition of an acyl group to an aromatic ring. These reactions proceed via electrophilic aromatic substitution by employing an acyl chloride and a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminum chloride to form aryl ketone.
01:10Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Mechanism
Cyanohydrins are formed when cyanide nucleophiles and carbonyl compounds like aldehydes and ketones react. A strong base, the cyanide ion, catalyzes cyanohydrin formation. The ions are generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. Once the cyanide ions are generated, the first step involves the nucleophilic attack of the cyanide ions on the electrophilic carbonyl carbon. This attack shifts the π electrons from the C=O to the oxygen atom forming the alkoxide ion intermediate. The alkoxide anion...
02:47Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation
Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
01:11Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling
The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.