阿迪皮塞克斯拉米杜斯头骨及其对人类起源的含义
Gen Suwa1, Berhane Asfaw, Reiko T Kono
1University Museum, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. suwa@um.u-tokyo.ac.jp
概括
阿迪皮塞克斯 (Ardipithecus ramidus) 头骨揭示了前澳大利亚皮塞克斯 (Australopithecus) 的独特人形头骨面部特征,与现代人猿和后来的澳大利亚皮塞克斯 (Australopithecus) 有很大的不同. 这一发现重新塑造了我们对早期人类进化的理解.
科学领域:
- 古人类学古人类学.
- 人类进化人类进化
- 灵长类动物解剖学 灵长类动物解剖学
背景情况:
- 导致现代人类的进化血统是复杂的,早期的原始人表现出原始和衍生特征的马赛克.
- 了解早期人类的面形态对于重建它们的遗传关系至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了分析Ardipithecus ramidus头骨 (ARA-VP-6/500) 的面形态和结构.
- 为了比较Ardipithecus ramidus与现存的猿类 (Pan troglodytes,P. paniscus) 和澳大利亚猿类.
- 为了阐明米奥-普略纪人类的头骨特征.
主要方法:
- 将Ardipithecus ramidus头骨与其他类人猿遗骸进行解剖比较.
- 基于微型计算机断层扫描 (微型CT) 的面结构分析.
主要成果:
- 在Ardipithecus ramidus头骨显示一个小的内容量 (300-350cc) 和相对的头骨大小.
- 独特的特征包括面部中部投射和缺乏极端的下面面部预产.
- 头骨底部和双骨架不同于潘物种和澳大利亚甲虫.
结论:
- 阿迪皮塞克斯·拉米杜斯 (Ardipithecus ramidus) 具有独特的面形态,与现代非洲猿和澳大利亚猿不同.
- 与Sahelanthropus共享的特征表明,这是一个独特的米奥-普略纪原始人类头骨形式.
- 这项研究强调了与现存的猿类相比,早期人猿的显著面差异.
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