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相关概念视频

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
DNA as a Genetic Template02:05

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 7, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

在基底分辨率上,人类DNA甲基组表现出广泛的表观遗传学差异.

Ryan Lister1, Mattia Pelizzola, Robert H Dowen

  • 1Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.

Nature
|October 16, 2009
PubMed
概括

这项研究绘制了人类细胞全基因组的DNA甲基化图,揭示了胚胎干细胞与纤维细胞的不同模式. 这些发现为发育和疾病期间表观遗传调节提供了新的见解.

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Characterizing Mutational Load and Clonal Composition of Human Blood
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相关实验视频

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations
10:17

An Allele-specific Gene Expression Assay to Test the Functional Basis of Genetic Associations

Published on: November 3, 2010

Characterizing Mutational Load and Clonal Composition of Human Blood
07:58

Characterizing Mutational Load and Clonal Composition of Human Blood

Published on: July 11, 2019

Application of DNA Fingerprinting using the D1S80 Locus in Lab Classes
08:35

Application of DNA Fingerprinting using the D1S80 Locus in Lab Classes

Published on: July 17, 2021

科学领域:

  • 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 发育生物学 发展生物学

背景情况:

  • DNA细胞因子甲基化是调节基因表达,发育和疾病的关键表观遗传标记.
  • 了解甲基化模式是解读细胞过程的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 为了生成人类胚胎干细胞和胎儿纤维细胞中DNA甲基化的第一个全基因组,单基底分辨率的地图.
  • 将这些甲基化图与转录组和表观基因组数据进行比较.
  • 研究非CG甲基化在胚胎干细胞中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 全基因组双硫酸盐测序用于单基底分辨率DNA甲基化映射.
  • 对DNA甲基化,mRNA,小RNA,基因组修饰和DNA-蛋白相互作用的比较分析.
  • 在诱导分化和重编程过程中对甲基化变化的分析.

主要成果:

  • 确定了胚胎干细胞和纤维细胞之间的DNA甲基化组成和模式的显著差异.
  • 发现胚胎干细胞中近25%的甲基化是在非CG环境中,富含基因体.
  • 观察到非CG甲基化是动态的,在分化后消失,并在诱导的多能干细胞中恢复.
  • 在多能性和分化基因附近发现了数百个差异甲基化区域.

结论:

  • 人类胚胎干细胞表现出独特的非CG甲基化模式,可能参与调节多能性.
  • 纤维细胞显示广泛的低甲基化与减少的转录活性相关.
  • 这些参考表观基因组作为研究人类发育和疾病中DNA甲基化的基础.