肠道Th17细胞被细分的细丝细菌诱导
Ivaylo I Ivanov1, Koji Atarashi, Nicolas Manel
1Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Cell
|October 20, 2009
概括
在肠道中的细分丝状细菌 (SFB) 诱导T辅助17 (Th17) 细胞,增强免疫防御. 这一发现为改善粘膜免疫力和治疗自身免疫性疾病提供了潜力.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
背景情况:
- 哺乳动物的胃肠道是众多共生微生物的宿主,它们之间存在相互关系.
- 开始性微生物群对宿主免疫系统的影响仍然不完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究一个单独的共生微生物,细分丝状细菌 (SFB) 如何影响宿主免疫系统.
- 确定SFB在特定T辅助细胞群体及其功能发展中的作用.
主要方法:
- 鼠标小肠与SFB的殖民化.
- 分析T辅助细胞群 (特别是Th17细胞) 在自身膜中.
- 与炎症和抗微生物防御有关的基因表达分析.
- 对病原体Citrobacter rodentium耐药性的评估.
主要成果:
- SFB殖民诱导了CD4 (((+) T辅助细胞,在自身层中产生IL-17和IL-22 (Th17细胞).
- SFB 粘附于 Th17 细胞的小鼠末端阴茎中的上皮细胞.
- SFB殖民与炎症和抗微生物防御基因的表达增加相关.
- SFB殖民增强了对Citrobacter rodentium感染的抵抗力.
结论:
- 一个单独的共生微生物,SFB,可以充分诱导肠道中的Th17细胞反应.
- SFB诱导的Th17细胞有助于增强粘膜免疫力和对病原体的抵抗力.
- 准SFB介导途径可能为自身免疫性疾病和粘膜免疫增强提供治疗策略.
相关概念视频
Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells
The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...
Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
T Cell Types and Functions
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease
Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...


