人类类类型适应的融合进化在纪适应型灵长类的灵长类
Erik R Seiffert1, Jonathan M G Perry, Elwyn L Simons
1Department of Anatomical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8081, USA. erik.seiffert@stonybrook.edu
Nature
|October 23, 2009
概括
化石适应性灵长类灵长类,曾经被认为是早期人类类祖先,现在被理解为不同于高级灵长类. 新证据表明,共同的特征是进化趋同,而不是直接血统.
科学领域:
- 古灵长类动物学古灵长类动物学
- 灵长类动物的进化
- 化石记录分析 化石记录分析
背景情况:
- 适应性灵长类的灵长类,常见于纪,被认为是干系Strepsirrhini (类似) 或干系人类类 (较高的灵长类).
- 达尔文的发现引发了关于适应型动物在人类早期进化中的作用的争论.
- 之前的遗传学分析已经产生了矛盾的位置适应形体在灵长类的顺序.
研究的目的:
- 描述一个新的大型体型适合形动物的牙和下巴,阿弗拉达皮斯,来自埃及的晚期欧纪.
- 通过使用全面的形态学数据集,重新评估适配形的遗传位置.
- 为了研究适应形动物和早期人类类动物之间的进化关系.
主要方法:
- 对Afradapis的完整牙和下巴进行了详细的形态分析.
- 遗传学分析包括117种灵长类的360个形态特征,包括化石和现存物种.
- 对阿弗拉达皮斯,其他适合形动物和早期人类类动物之间的牙和鼻腔特征的比较分析.
主要成果:
- 阿弗拉达皮斯表现出衍生出牙和鼻的特征,与后来的人类类灵长类动物相吻合.
- 遗传学分析坚定地将适应形态定位为Strepsirrhini冠冕的姐妹种类,将它们排除在Haplorhini (Tarsius-Anthropoidea类) 和干类人类中.
- 阿弗拉达皮斯和达尔维尼乌斯属于已灭绝的caenopithecine adapiforms分类,表明没有直接后代.
结论:
- 一些适应类动物和人类类动物之间共享的特殊特征代表了进化趋同,而不是共同的祖先.
- 非洲阿拉伯最大的非人类类灵长类动物阿弗拉达皮斯 (Afradapis) 突出显示了显著的欧纪前类动物多样性.
- 适应类动物和高级灵长类动物之间的生态竞争可能影响了非洲阿拉伯的茎和冠状人类的早期进化.
相关概念视频
01:23Phylogeny
64.7K
Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
64.7K
02:35What is Evolutionary History?
45.1K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
45.1K
02:55The Evidence for Evolution
50.7K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
50.7K
01:54Convergent Evolution
34.7K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
34.7K
02:31Synteny and Evolution
4.0K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
4.0K
01:24Eukaryotic Evolution
43.9K
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
43.9K