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人类的DAZL,DAZ和BOULE基因调节原始生殖细胞和单体性偶体形成
Kehkooi Kee1, Vanessa T Angeles, Martha Flores
1Center for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research and Education, Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA.
Nature
|October 30, 2009
概括
人类胚胎干细胞现在可以产生早期的生殖细胞. 特定的基因,包括人类的DAZL (在亚精类中被删除),是胚胎细胞发育的关键,可能有助于不孕症研究.
科学领域:
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 干细胞研究 干细胞研究
背景情况:
- 不孕症往往源于人类生殖细胞 (卵细胞和精子) 发育中的问题.
- 研究人类生殖细胞发育是具有挑战性的,因为在胎儿阶段无法访问.
- 以前使用干细胞的方法产生了不显著进展的生殖细胞.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种用于从胚胎干细胞中量化和分离人类原始生殖细胞的方法.
- 研究特定RNA结合蛋白在人类生殖细胞形成和分化中的作用.
- 为了更好地了解人类游戏生成的遗传调节.
主要方法:
- 利用胚胎细胞记者系统,从男性和女性人类胚胎干细胞中识别和分离原始胚胎细胞.
- 操纵基因表达 (沉默和过度表达) 的生殖细胞特异性RNA结合蛋白.
- 评估了这些遗传修饰对生殖细胞形成和发育进展的影响.
主要成果:
- 成功量化和分离了从人类胚胎干细胞中获得的原始生殖细胞.
- 鉴定了人类DAZL (在亚精子样中被删除) 作为原始生殖细胞形成的关键.
- 证明DAZ和BOULE (BOLL) 基因对后期介质阶段和平分体性子体发育很重要.
结论:
- 这项研究为研究体外人类生殖细胞发育提供了一种新的方法.
- 关键的RNA结合蛋白,包括DAZL,DAZ和BOULE,在人类游戏生成中起着不同的作用.
- 这些发现对基础研究和潜在的未来生殖医学临床应用有影响.
相关概念视频
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
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Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...
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Dosage Compensation
In animals, gender is determined by the number and type of sex chromosome. For example, human females have two X chromosomes, and males have one X and one Y chromosome, whereas C.elegans with one X chromosome is a male, and the one with two X chromosomes is a hermaphrodite.
In addition to sexual development, the X chromosome has genes involved in autosomal functions such as brain development and the immune system. Therefore, males and females with distinct numbers of X chromosomes will have...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
Fertilization
During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
