重建人类造成的 CO2 度在海洋中的历史
S Khatiwala1, F Primeau, T Hall
1Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA. spk@ldeo.columbia.edu
Nature
|November 20, 2009
概括
人类活动释放二氧化碳 (CO2),导致气候变化. 海洋吸收了大部分的二氧化碳,南大洋是关键的入口点,有助于缓解全球变暖.
科学领域:
- 海洋学 海洋学 海洋学
- 气候科学 气候科学
- 生物地质化学生物地质化学
背景情况:
- 人为二氧化碳 (CO2) 排放是全球气候变化的主要驱动因素.
- 海洋吸收20-35%的人为产生的二氧化碳,在气候调节中发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 关于大气CO2的分布,吸收率和海洋和陆地海的相对贡献存在重大不确定性.
研究的目的:
- 重建工业时代海洋对人类产生的二氧化碳的历史性,空间分辨和时间依赖的吸收.
- 量化海洋的人为二氧化碳库存和吸收率.
- 确定用于二氧化碳封存的主要海洋区域以及陆地生物圈的历史作用.
主要方法:
- 利用了海洋中人为碳的基于观察的重建.
- 采用格林的函数方法来模拟海洋跟踪器运输.
- 从使用最大解卷的追踪器数据估计了Green的功能.
主要成果:
- 自20世纪50年代以来,海洋吸收人为产生的二氧化碳显著增加,最近略有放缓.
- 2008年人类造成的海洋二氧化碳库存估计为140 ± 25 Pg C,吸收率为2.3 ± 0.6 Pg C yr ((-1).
- 南大洋占海洋人为二氧化碳库存的40%以上.
- 陆地生物圈在20世纪40年代后从二氧化碳来源转变为碳汇,在工业化时期的海洋二氧化碳排放量增加了一半.
结论:
- 海洋吸收人为产生的二氧化碳的能力大幅增长,南大洋是占主导地位的途径.
- 陆地生物圈的作用一直是可变的,可能在整个工业时代充当净资源.
- 精确量化碳汇对于理解和预测未来的气候变化至关重要.
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