在HIV-1 gp120上CD4附着部位的免疫逃避的结构基础
Lei Chen1, Young Do Kwon, Tongqing Zhou
1Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
概括
大多数针对HIV-1的CD4结合部位 (CD4BS) 的抗体都无法中和病毒. 结构分析显示,微妙的识别差异导致弱中和抗体与HIV-1 gp120结合在与病毒尖峰不相容的形状中,从而产生抗性.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 结构生物学 结构生物学
背景情况:
- 人类免疫缺陷病毒1型 (HIV-1) 包裹糖蛋白gp120含有CD4受体结合部位 (CD4BS),是中和抗体的目标.
- 尽管易受攻击,但大多数针对CD4BS的抗体对HIV-1具有有限或完全没有中和活性.
研究的目的:
- 阐明CD4BS抗体对HIV-1的中和效率较低的结构基础.
- 了解与CD4BS相互作用的抗体如何导致HIV-1耐药性.
主要方法:
- 确定HIV-1 gp120的共同晶体结构与两个中和性较差的CD4BS抗体 (F105和b13) 的复合.
- 具有广泛中和CD4BS抗体 (b12) 和CD4.4的比较结构分析.
- 计算建模和结合实验,以评估病毒尖峰的兼容性.
主要成果:
- 两种F105和b13抗体接近gp120类似于CD4和中和抗体b12.
- 与b12结合的gp120.相比,抗体识别中的微妙差异诱导了不同的gp120形状.
- 这些改变的gp120形状被发现与整体病毒尖峰结构不太兼容.
结论:
- 像F105和b13这样的抗体的弱中和活性源于它们诱导的gp120形状,这些形状阻碍了与病毒尖峰的有效相互作用.
- 这种结构不相容,由CD4BS识别的微小变化驱动,解释了HIV-1对广泛的CD4BS向抗体的耐药性.
- 精确的CD4BS向对于实现强大的HIV-1中和至关重要.
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