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相关概念视频

Rocket Propulsion In Empty Space - II01:12

Rocket Propulsion In Empty Space - II

The motion of a rocket is governed by the conservation of momentum principle. A rocket's momentum changes by the same amount (with the opposite sign) as the ejected gases. As time goes by, the rocket's mass (which includes the mass of the remaining fuel) continuously decreases, and its velocity increases. Therefore, the principle of conservation of momentum is used to explain the dynamics of a rocket's motion. The ideal rocket equation gives the change in velocity that a rocket experiences by...
Rocket Propulsion in Empty Space - I01:13

Rocket Propulsion in Empty Space - I

The driving force for the motion of any vehicle is friction, but in the case of rocket propulsion in space, the friction force is not present. The motion of a rocket changes its velocity (and hence its momentum) by ejecting burned fuel gases, thus causing it to accelerate in the direction opposite to the velocity of the ejected fuel. In this situation, the mass and velocity of the rocket constantly change along with the total mass of ejected gases. Due to conservation of momentum, the rocket's...
Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion01:29

Kepler's Second Law of Planetary Motion

In the early 17th century, German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler postulated three laws for the motion of planets in the solar system. His first law states that all planets orbit the Sun in an elliptical orbit, with the Sun at one of the ellipse's foci. Therefore, the distance of a planet from the Sun varies throughout its revolution around the Sun.
While in an elliptical orbit, the total energy of the planet is conserved. Therefore, the planet slows down when it is at apogee and...
Kepler's First Law of Planetary Motion01:10

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In the early 17th century, German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler postulated three laws for the motion of planets in the solar system. He formulated his first two laws based on the observations of his forebears, Nikolaus Copernicus and Tycho Brahe.
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On the other hand,...
Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion01:18

Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion

In the early 17th century, German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler postulated three laws for the motion of planets in the solar system. In 1909, he formulated his first two laws based on the observations of his forebears, Nikolaus Copernicus and Tycho Brahe. However, in 1918, he published his third law of planetary motion, which gives a precise mathematical relationship between a planet's average distance from the Sun and the amount of time it takes to revolve around the Sun. It...
Rocket Propulsion in Gravitational Field - II01:03

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A rocket's velocity in the presence of a gravitational field is decreased by the amount of force exerted by Earth's gravitational field, which opposes the motion of the rocket. If we consider thrust, that is, the force exerted on a rocket by the exhaust gases, then a rocket's thrust is greater in outer space than in the atmosphere or on a launch pad. In fact, gases are easier to expel in a vacuum.
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Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths
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罗塞塔号上的OSIRIS拍摄的E型小行星 (2867) 斯坦斯.

H U Keller1, C Barbieri, D Koschny

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany. keller@linmpi.mpg.de

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 9, 2010
PubMed
概括

罗塞塔任务揭示了小行星斯坦斯是一个废墟堆,而不是固体岩石. 图像提供了Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) 效应重塑小行星的直接证据.

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科学领域:

  • 行星科学 行星科学
  • 小行星研究研究.
  • 太空探索 太空探索

背景情况:

  • 欧洲航天局的罗塞塔任务为研究太阳系中小型天体提供了独特的机会.
  • 小行星 (2867) 斯坦斯在前往67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko彗星的路上遇到了它.

研究的目的:

  • 为了描述小行星 (2867) Steins 的物理特性和表面形态.
  • 为了研究Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) 效应对小行星形状的潜在影响.

主要方法:

  • 使用罗塞塔航天器上的OSIRIS (光学,光谱和红外远程成像系统) 摄像机进行高分辨率成像.
  • 分析表面特征,包括石坑和线性断层.
  • 石坑计数以推断表面的年龄和过程.

主要成果:

  • 斯坦斯是一个圆形体,有效球形直径为5.3公里.
  • 表面呈现线性断层和突出2.1公里的石坑;没有观察到显著的颜色变化.
  • 显著的小石坑缺失表明表面相对较年轻或正在复苏.
  • 有证据表明,斯坦斯是一个有形形状的瓦堆,可能是由YORP旋转而改变的.

结论:

  • 欧西里斯 (OSIRIS) 图像提供了对YORP效应在主带小行星上作用的直接观测证据.
  • 施泰恩斯的形态和组成作为一堆废墟与由于YORP诱导的旋转加速而导致的显著重塑一致.