负责在武装冲突中保护医务人员和医疗设施
Leonard S Rubenstein1, Melanie D Bittle
1Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. lrubenst@jhsph.edu
Lancet (London, England)
|January 30, 2010
概括
武装冲突期间对医疗保健的袭击是经常发生的,目标是平民,旨在获得军事优势. 改善报告和问责制对于保护医疗功能和人员至关重要.
科学领域:
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
- 国际人道主义法 国际人道主义法
- 冲突中的人权.
背景情况:
- 在武装冲突中,违反医疗中立的行为,包括对患者,人员和设施的攻击,是普遍存在的.
- 现有的战争法禁止这种攻击,但遵守,保护和问责机制是不够的.
- 15多年来,缺乏对这些违规行为的频率和类型的系统审查.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析武装冲突中对医疗职能攻击的范围和趋势.
- 识别报告方法的缺陷和违规行为的程度.
- 了解冲突地区对医疗保健的攻击背后的模式和动机.
主要方法:
- 对2003-2008年期间的三个全球人权报告来源进行了系统审查.
- 分析了有关1989-2008年间武装冲突中侵犯人权行为的深入报告.
- 使用统一的搜索标准进行全面的数据收集.
主要成果:
- 发现了医疗职能违法行为的报告范围和方法的重大缺陷.
- 揭示了三个主要趋势:攻击医疗功能作为更广泛的平民攻击的一部分,利用军事优势的攻击,以及对医疗保健专业人员道德职责的无视.
- 突出了不尊重提供护理的义务,无论患者的归属.
结论:
- 武装冲突中对医疗保健的攻击是多方面的,通常针对平民,并为军事目标服务.
- 迫切需要由世界卫生组织 (WHO) 领导的强大,系统的文档.
- 各国和医疗界必须加强遵守,保护和问责措施,以维护医疗中立性.
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