在人类癌症中体质副本数量改变的景观
Rameen Beroukhim1, Craig H Mermel, Dale Porter
1Cancer Program and Medical and Population Genetics Group, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center.
Nature
|February 19, 2010
概括
在人类癌症中识别频繁的基因组变化揭示了关键的瘤发生基因. 在多种癌症类型中发现了许多新的癌症驱动基因,突出显示了共同的遗传脆弱性.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 癌症生物学 癌症生物学
- 分子瘤学分子瘤学
背景情况:
- 识别驱动癌症 (瘤发生) 的基因对于开发向疗法至关重要.
- 身体副本数变化 (SCNA) 是癌症中常见的基因组变化.
- 在各种癌症类型中分析SCNA可以揭示共享的遗传驱动因素.
研究的目的:
- 通过分析高分辨率SCNA数据,识别具有致癌性作用的新型基因.
- 确定焦点SCNA在多种人类癌症类型中的频率和分布.
- 研究已识别的SCNA和相关基因在癌细胞存活中的功能意义.
主要方法:
- 从26种组织学类型的3,131个癌症样本中对体质副本数量改变 (SCNA) 的高分辨率分析.
- 在多种癌症类型中显著频率改变的焦点SCNA区域的识别.
- 生物信息分析用于识别SCNA区域内的丰富基因家族和途径.
- 功能性测试,以评估基因放大对癌细胞存活率的影响.
主要成果:
- 158个焦点SCNA区域被确定,在几种癌症类型中具有显著的频率.
- 在这些区域中,122个没有包含以前已知的癌症标基因.
- 包括BCL2和NF-kappaBeta通路在内的基因家族在这些新的SCNA区域中得到了丰富.
- 癌细胞与MCL1和BCL2L1的放大显示了对这些抗亡基因的生存依赖.
- 大多数已识别的SCNA在不同个体癌症类型中共享.
结论:
- 频繁的SCNA分析是发现新型癌症驱动基因的强大方法.
- 通过SCNA分析,通过SCNA分析确定了几种新型候选瘤基因和与癌症相关的途径.
- 这些发现表明,准特定的抗亡基因,如MCL1和BCL2L1,可能是治疗策略.
- 跨癌症类型的共享SCNAs的流行表明了共同的潜在机制和跨癌症治疗的潜力.
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