在不可逆转的化物向的侧链之间自发的分子间胺基键形成
1Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 19, 2010
概括
研究人员开发了一种新的16氨基酸标签,通过氨基酸键形成不可逆转地与蛋白质结合. 这种稳定的标签为蛋白质分析,生物组装和细胞成像应用提供了新的可能性.
科学领域:
- 生物化学 生物化学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 合成生物学 合成生物学
背景情况:
- 类对生物分析至关重要,但由于相互作用不稳定而受到影响.
- 有限的表面积和灵活性阻碍了蛋白结合的稳定性.
- 现有的标签很小,最大限度地减少了蛋白质功能干扰.
研究的目的:
- 设计一种标签,与蛋白质伙伴形成稳定,不可逆转的胺键.
- 为此目的,利用pilin子单元的分子内胺基键形成.
- 为了实现强大的蛋白质标签和修改.
主要方法:
- 设计了一种由Streptococcus pyogenes pilin衍生的16氨基酸.
- 利用了在lysine和asparagine侧链之间自发的胺基键形成.
- 经过测试的反应效率,pH/温度依赖性和缓冲器兼容性.
- 评估了体外和体内 (大肠杆菌,哺乳动物细胞) 的性能.
主要成果:
- 在和蛋白质合作伙伴之间形成胺键的转化达到98%.
- 反应有效地发生在pH5-8之间,在各种缓冲中,并且独立于氧化还原状态.
- 在4°C和37°C观察到类似的反应速率.
- 在大肠杆菌和哺乳动物细胞上的特定表面标记中被证明是有效的溶解.
结论:
- 开发了一种标签,通过胺基键形成实现不可逆转的蛋白质向.
- 标签在各种生物条件和系统中是稳定的,高效的和功能性的.
- 潜在的应用包括生物组装,细胞成像和在强力下稳定蛋白质复合体.
相关概念视频
Peptide Bonds
A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...
Preparation of Amides
Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
Amides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
Amides can undergo either acid-catalyzed hydrolysis or base-promoted hydrolysis through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. Each hydrolysis requires severe conditions.
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis of amides under acidic conditions yields carboxylic acids. Since the reaction occurs slowly, hydrolysis requires the conditions of heat.
The mechanism begins with the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen by the acid catalyst. The protonation makes the amide carbonyl carbon more...
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines
Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...
Protein Organization
Overview
Protein Organization
Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.


