从海洋细菌转移碳水化合物活性酶到日本肠道微生物群
Jan-Hendrik Hehemann1, Gaëlle Correc, Tristan Barbeyron
1Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.
Nature
|April 9, 2010
概括
人体肠道细菌通过食用海藻从海洋细菌中获得新型碳水化合物活性酶 (CAZymes). 这解释了肠道微生物组中CAZymes的多样性,特别是在海藻摄入量高的人群中.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 肠道微生物拥有碳水化合物活性酶 (CAZymes),对于从饮食中的多糖体中提取能量至关重要,而这些多糖体在人类基因组中不存在.
- 肠道微生物中CAZymes的多样性很大,比如Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron,使得植物衍生的多糖化合物的分解成为可能.
研究的目的:
- 研究人类肠道细菌中CAZyme多样性的起源和演变.
- 从海洋细菌中鉴定出新型酸盐酶的特征,并追踪其转移到人类肠道微生物.
主要方法:
- 从Zobellia galactanivorans中分离和表征酸酶.
- 对海产CAZyme基因存在的巴氏菌群 (Bacteroides plebeius) 的基因分析.
- 日本和北美人口的肠道转基因组比较分析.
主要成果:
- 鉴定了第一种来自红藻的酸盐活跃在红藻中的海洋细菌 (Zobellia galactanivorans) 的酸盐酶.
- 在日本个体中证明了酸盐酶和酸盐酶基因的转移到肠道细菌Bacteroides plebeius.
- 在日本肠道转基因组中发现酸酶和酸酶普遍存在,但在北美样本中没有.
结论:
- 海洋细菌拥有新型的CAZymes (甲酸酶,甲酸酶),可以转移到人类肠道细菌中.
- 饮食中摄入的海藻,如诺里,有助于肠道微生物获得这些海洋CAZymes.
- 非无菌食品的消费,特别是海藻,是推动人类肠道微生物群中的CAZyme多样性的重要因素.
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