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在Volvox中扩展的性别决定部位的演化
Patrick Ferris1, Bradley J S C Olson, Peter L De Hoff
1The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 17, 2010
概括
两形性别的起源仍然不清楚. 在Volvox carteri中,交配位 (MT) 显示出显著的分歧和性别特异性基因调节,这表明它在性繁殖的进化中的作用.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
背景情况:
- 双形性在多细胞真核生物中很常见,但它们的进化起源尚未得到充分理解.
- 交配部位 (MT) 控制性繁殖和性球体的产生.
- 沃尔沃克斯·卡特里 (Volvox carteri) 是一种多细胞藻类,表现出双形的性别,与其单细胞相亲克拉米多蒙纳斯 (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) 不同.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究二形性别的进化起源.
- 分析Volvox carteri和Chlamydomonas reinhardtii之间的交配地点 (MT) 的遗传和监管差异.
- 了解性决定位点如何影响性相关和非性相关基因的进化.
主要方法:
- 对Volvox carteri和Chlamydomonas reinhardtii进行比较的转录组分析.
- 识别性别特异性和性别调节的成绩单.
- 对基因调节的分析,包括替代拼接和选择压力.
主要成果:
- 与Chlamydomonas reinhardtii相比,Volvox carteri MT已经显著扩大和分离.
- 在Volvox MT基因中观察到一个重新连接的游戏基因表达程序.
- 确定了多个特定于性别和性别调节的转录.
- MAT3基因是一种视网膜母细胞瘤瘤抑制器同类物,显示性调节的替代拼接和性别特异性选择.
结论:
- 性决定位点在与性相关的和非性相关的基因的进化中起着至关重要的作用.
- 在Volvox carteri的MT中观察到的遗传和调控变化为性二态的演变提供了洞察力.
- 像MAT3这样的基因在性循环中的选择是推动性决定进化的机制.
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