在美国成年人中,热量甜味剂消费和脂质不良症
Jean A Welsh1, Andrea Sharma, Jerome L Abramson
1Nutrition and Health Science Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
JAMA
|April 22, 2010
概括
增加糖的较高摄入量与美国成年人的血脂状况较差有关. 这包括较低的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和较高的甘油三,增加心血管疾病的风险.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 心血管健康 心血管健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 饮食碳水化合物,特别是添加糖,在美国越来越多地被消耗.
- 增加糖的摄入量增加可能会导致失脂症,这是心血管疾病的危险因素.
- 之前的研究并没有广泛研究添加糖摄入量与血脂水平之间的联系.
研究的目的:
- 调查美国成年人代表样本中添加糖的消费与血脂概况之间的关联.
- 为了确定增加添加糖的摄入量是否与胆固醇和甘油三水平的不良变化相关.
主要方法:
- 一项横截面研究利用了从1999年至2006年参加国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 的6113名美国成年人的数据.
- 参与者根据从添加糖中获得的总热量的百分比被分为几组.
- 进行了线性和逻辑回归分析,以评估添加糖摄入量和脂质指标之间的关系,包括高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL-C),甘油三和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL-C).
主要成果:
- 添加糖的平均摄入量是总热量的15.8%.
- 更高的添加糖消费与更低的调整平均高血糖水平和更高的几何平均甘油三水平显著相关.
- 增加添加糖的摄入量与较低HDL-C水平的几率显著增加,特别是在较高消费者 (≥10%的卡路里) 中.
结论:
- 在美国成年人中,饮食添加糖消费与不良血脂概况之间存在统计学上显著的相关性.
- 研究结果表明,减少添加糖的摄入量可能是一个可行的策略,以改善脂质概况和减轻心血管疾病风险.
- 该研究强调了监测和可能限制添加糖消费对心血管健康的重要性.
相关概念视频
Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements
Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ meats, shellfish,...
Lipid Digestion
Lipids are large molecules that are generally not water-soluble. Since most of the digestive enzymes in the human body are water-based, there are specific steps the body must take to break down lipids and make them available for use.
Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents
Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
Lipid Absorption
Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation
Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
Considering cholesterol and...
Considering cholesterol and...
Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body
Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various biological processes .
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are required in minimal quantities, but their deficiencies can lead to severely abnormal physiological conditions. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry skin, delayed...
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are required in minimal quantities, but their deficiencies can lead to severely abnormal physiological conditions. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry skin, delayed...

