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相关概念视频

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Inheritance01:25

Inheritance

Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype traits...
Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

Overview
Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
Polygenic Traits01:18

Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
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Polygenic Traits

When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
09:37

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Published on: August 15, 2019

基因型到表型:一个复杂的问题.

Robin D Dowell1, Owen Ryan, An Jansen

  • 1Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|April 24, 2010
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

两种酵母菌株的比较揭示了有条件的基本基因,突出了遗传背景和复杂的相互作用如何影响特征,类似于人类的变异.

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科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 酵母遗传学 酵母遗传学
  • 进行比较的基因组学.

背景情况:

  • 细菌菌株Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sigma1278b和S288c表现出显著的遗传变异,类似于人类的遗传多样性.
  • 了解菌株特异性基因基本性对于破译表型差异至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了生成Sigma1278b酵母菌株的高分辨率基因组序列.
  • 通过全基因组删除分析,通过全基因组删除分析识别一种菌株中必不可少的基因,而不是另一种菌株.
  • 调查条件基因本质性的遗传基础.

主要方法:

  • 高分辨率的Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sigma1278b.的整个基因组测序.
  • 在Sigma1278b.中构建和表型分析5100个单基因删除突变体库.
  • 对Sigma1278b和S288c之间的删除突变表型进行全基因组比较分析.

主要成果:

  • 西格玛1278b和S288c的差异平均为每千基基的3.2个单核酸多态.
  • 确定了44个独特的Sigma1278b和13个独特的S288c的基本基因.
  • 菌株特异性基本性经常归因于涉及多个背景特异性修饰物的复杂遗传相互作用.

结论:

  • 个体之间的表型变异,即使是密切相关的个体,也可能来自复杂的遗传相互作用和背景特定的修饰剂.
  • 这项研究为Saccharomyces cerevisiae研究提供了宝贵的基因组资源.
  • 这些发现强调了基因背景在确定基因功能和基本性方面的重要性.