相关实验视频
Updated: May 5, 2026

07:28
Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
Published on: September 5, 2018
6.2K
全球上层海洋的强烈变暖
John M Lyman1, Simon A Good, Viktor V Gouretski
1Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. john.lyman@noaa.gov
Nature
|May 21, 2010
概括
海洋变暖是显著的,但测量的不确定性,特别是来自可消耗浴热仪 (XBT) 数据的不确定性,影响估计. 尽管如此,海洋热量含量仍然存在明显的变暖趋势.
科学领域:
- 海洋学 海洋学 海洋学
- 气候科学 气候科学
- 地球系统科学 地球系统科学
背景情况:
- 已观察到大量的多十年海洋变暖信号,主要是在上层海洋,归因于人为温室气体.
- 上层海洋吸收了地球大部分多余的能量,但海洋变暖数据的不确定性阻碍了气候评估.
- 上海热量含量异常 (OHCA) 和热海平面上升的不同估计存在差异.
研究的目的:
- 调查导致1993年至2008年期间OHCA曲线变化的不确定性来源.
- 专注于可消耗浴热仪 (XBT) 数据偏差纠正对OHCA估计的影响.
- 为了提供一个更强大的海洋变暖趋势的评估,尽管数据不确定性.
主要方法:
- 对1993-2008年上海热量含量数据中各种不确定性来源的分析.
- 详细检查可消耗浴热仪 (XBT) 数据偏差校正方法,这是一个关键的历史数据源.
- 使用多种XBT偏差校正方法创建一个复合的OHCA曲线.
主要成果:
- 由于选择XBT偏差校正方法而产生的不确定性是导致OHCA曲线变化的主要因素.
- 尽管存在不确定性,但在1993-2008年间发现了0.64W m−2 (90% CI:0.530.75 W m−2) 的统计学上显著的线性变暖趋势.
- 年间的变化模式因OHCA估计所使用的方法有很大差异.
结论:
- 选择XBT偏差校正显著影响海洋热量含量异常的估计.
- 在1993-2008年期间,一个强的,统计学上显著的海洋变暖趋势得到证实,这强调了海洋吸收热量的现实.
- 对数据同化和偏差纠正的进一步研究对于完善气候模型评估和海平面预算至关重要.
相关概念视频
Primary Production
20.4K
The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
20.4K
Global Climate Change
24.4K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.4K
Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation
32.7K
Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...
32.7K
Isothermal Processes
3.8K
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
3.8K
Marine Microbial Ecology
66
Marine microbial ecosystems are shaped by distinct physicochemical limits, including high salinity, low nutrient availability, and fluctuating oxygen levels. These conditions favor smaller microbial cell sizes, which maximize their surface-to-volume ratio for efficient nutrient uptake.Microbial activity and community composition are closely linked to biogeochemical cycles, particularly in dynamic environments like estuaries, where halotolerant microbes thrive in response to variable salinity...
66
Microbes and Climate Change
91
Microorganisms are pivotal agents in Earth's biogeochemical cycles, significantly influencing climate dynamics through their metabolic activities. These microbes modulate the levels of key greenhouse gases by both contributing to and helping mitigate climate change.Microbial Contributions to Greenhouse Gas EmissionsRising global temperatures accelerate microbial metabolism, which, in turn, speeds up the decomposition of organic matter. This process releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) through...
91

