核细胞定位和DNA甲基化之间的关系
Ramakrishna K Chodavarapu1, Suhua Feng, Yana V Bernatavichute
1Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
Nature
|June 1, 2010
概括
在Arabidopsis thaliana中全基因组核位定位揭示了核会影响DNA甲基化模式. 这种保存机制表明,DNA甲基转移酶向核体结合的DNA,影响基因调节.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 核细胞由DNA和基因组八体组成,是核中的DNA组织和调节的基本单元.
- 了解核素定位对于破译基因组可访问性和基因表达控制至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了对Arabidopsis thaliana的核细胞定位进行全基因组分析.
- 为了研究核细胞定位和DNA甲基化模式之间的关系.
- 探索这些关系在人类DNA中的保存.
主要方法:
- 来自Arabidopsis thaliana的单核细胞的大量并行测序.
- 核细胞定位数据与单基分辨率DNA甲基化概况的整合.
- 与人类核体DNA数据进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- 在核细胞结合的DNA中鉴定了DNA甲基化中的10个周期性.
- 证明核体DNA比侧边DNA更有甲基化.
- 观察到人类核体DNA的保存趋势,表明保存机制.
- 在外子和内外子-外子边界上发现了核体丰富,类似于动物研究.
- 已注意到RNA聚合酶II和DNA甲基化对外子的丰富,这表明它们在基因调节和外子定义中的作用.
结论:
- 核细胞的定位显著影响全基因组DNA甲基化模式.
- 基因甲基转移酶对核细胞结合的DNA具有偏好的向.
- 核细胞和DNA甲基化之间的相互作用在整个物种中得到保护.
- 核酶定位和DNA甲基化可能在调节RNA聚合酶II的过程性和外子定义方面发挥作用.
相关概念视频
01:46Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
02:10The Nucleosome Core Particle
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
02:54Nucleosome Remodeling
Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
02:32Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
02:32Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
01:12The Nucleosome Core Particle
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their primary aim is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. On the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access histone-bound DNA during...