聚糖在肠道细菌类物种中使用的特殊性决定了饮食引起的微生物群变化
Erica D Sonnenburg1, Hongjun Zheng, Payal Joglekar
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Cell
|July 7, 2010
概括
研究人员发现了Bacteroides细菌如何使用果糖,一种食纤维. 这一发现解释了饮食如何改变肠道微生物群,并为改善健康提供了操纵肠道微生物群的潜在方法.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 人类健康 人类健康 人类健康
- 饮食科学 饮食科学
背景情况:
- 肠道微生物群在人类健康和疾病中起着至关重要的作用.
- 饮食显著影响肠道微生物群的组成,但根本的机制尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 为了阐明细菌类物种因果糖的反应而繁殖的机制.
- 为了确定特定的基因和途径,涉及到果糖利用在细菌类.
主要方法:
- 对Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron的结构和遗传分析.
- 一个结合果糖的混合两组合信号传感器的识别和特征.
- 对不同细菌种的果糖利用位点及其基因含量的分析.
主要成果:
- 一个果糖结合传感器控制了 Bacteroides 中的果糖利用率.
- 果利用位置内的基因含量差异决定了各种细菌种所使用的果的范围.
- 酶BT1760,一种β2-6内果糖酶,是B. thetaiotaomicron的特异性,并使其能够充分利用.
- 遗传和功能变异预测了Bacteroides物种与食果实素的体内竞争力.
结论:
- 饮食中的果被特定的 Bacteroides 种类通过涉及新型信号传感器的调节途径利用.
- 在Bacteroides物种中果实素利用基因的变异解释了它们在各种果实素上的差异生长.
- 这些特定物种的代谢差异可以作为生物标志物,通过饮食来预测和潜在地操纵肠道微生物群组成.
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