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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Cultivate Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells from Children and Reprogram into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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在诱导多能干细胞干细胞中的表观遗传记忆.

K Kim1, A Doi, B Wen

  • 1Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA

Nature
|July 21, 2010
PubMed
概括

体细胞核转移 (SCNT) 在实现多能性方面比基于转录因子的重编程更有效. 从SCNT衍生的细胞表现出较少的表观遗传记忆,与诱导多能干细胞 (iPSCs) 相比,使得更广泛的分化潜力.

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科学领域:

  • 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
  • 干细胞生物学 干细胞生物学
  • 发展生物学 发展生物学

背景情况:

  • 体细胞核转移 (SCNT) 和基于转录因子的重编程是从成体细胞生成多能干细胞的方法.
  • 这两种方法都重置了基因组甲基化,一种影响基因表达的表观遗传修饰.
  • 重编程机制的差异表明,由此产生的多能干细胞的特性可能有所变化.

研究的目的:

  • 研究SCNT衍生和诱导多能干细胞 (iPSCs) 之间的表观遗传状态和差异化潜力的差异.
  • 确定源代体组织的表观遗传记忆是否影响iPSCs的特性.
  • 为了比较SCNT和基于因素的重编程在确定多能性的基本状态方面的有效性.

主要方法:

  • 在低通道iPSC和SCNT衍生的多能干细胞中比较DNA甲基化模式.
  • 评估不同细胞系的分化潜力.
  • 用染色体修饰药物治疗iPSC,以调查表观遗传记忆重置.

主要成果:

  • iPSCs保留其源体组织的残留DNA甲基化特征,有利于供体特异化.
  • 这种iPSC中的"表观遗传记忆"限制了替代细胞命运,但可以重置.
  • 由SCNT衍生的多能干细胞表现出与胚胎干细胞相比更类似的分化和甲基化模式.

结论:

  • 在建立多能性的基本状态方面,SCNT比基于因素的重编程更有效.
  • 基于因素的重编程可以留下影响定向差异化的表观遗传记忆.
  • 了解这些表观遗传差异对于疾病建模和再生医学的应用至关重要.