翻译的先驱之旅:特点和功能
Lynne E Maquat1, Woan-Yuh Tarn, Olaf Isken
1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Center for RNA Biology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. lynne_maquat@urmc.rochester.edu
Cell
|August 10, 2010
概括
哺乳动物细胞使用一种特殊的新mRNA的第一个翻译来进行质量控制. 这一先驱性循环与其他因素一起,对蛋白质生产和细胞功能至关重要.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 哺乳动物细胞中新合成的信使RNA (mRNA) 经历了一个独特的初始翻译阶段,称为先驱轮.
- 这一过程对于在一般蛋白质合成开始之前确保mRNA质量至关重要.
- 使者核糖核蛋白颗粒 (mRNA) 在这个开拓性循环期间和之后成熟,为随后的翻译周期做好准备.
研究的目的:
- 阐明在哺乳动物细胞中mRNA翻译的先驱轮的重要性.
- 了解控制基因表达这一关键早期阶段的调节机制.
- 突出特定因素在mRNA质量控制的先驱轮中的作用.
主要方法:
- 在哺乳动物细胞系中分析mRNA处理和翻译启动.
- 特定的转化因子和RNA结合蛋白的鉴定,参与了先驱轮.
- 研究调节新合成的mRNA的信号通路目标.
主要成果:
- 这一先进的翻译轮对于哺乳动物细胞的mRNA质量控制至关重要.
- 信使核糖蛋白颗粒的成熟是开拓者轮期间和之后发生的关键事件.
- 特定的转化因子,RNA结合蛋白和信号通路组件在先驱轮期间调节新合成的mRNA的功能.
结论:
- 开拓者轮代表了mRNA质量和功能的关键检查点.
- 通过特定的分子参与者来调节先驱轮,确保了适当的蛋白质合成.
- 了解先驱轮提供了对基因表达调节和细胞平衡的见解.
相关概念视频
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02:33Initiation of Translation
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
01:31Translation
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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
01:31Translation
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
01:31Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are called the...
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are called the...