阿里尔C-H键通过电友二化通过电友二化的氨化
Amanda Kae Musch Long1, Renyuan Pony Yu, George H Timmer
1Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 3, 2010
概括
化复合物经过热解,通过电友性插入到烯C-H键中产生一种新产品. 这种反应是外热的,并得到计算和热分析的支持.
科学领域:
- 有机金属化学 有机金属化学
- 无机化学 无机化学 有机化学
- 反应机制 反应机制
背景情况:
- 终端化复合物是反应性化物种的前体.
- 了解C-H键激活在催化和合成中至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究终端亚齐多复合物的热解.
- 阐明化基组插入到化基C-H键的机制.
主要方法:
- 热解Ru(2)(D(3,5-Cl(2)) PhF)(3) N(3). 热解的方法是:
- 不同扫描热度计 (DSC) 和热重力测量分析 (TGA).
- 密度函数理论 (DFT) 的计算.
主要成果:
- 在热解过程中清洁形成Ru(2) [(D(3,5-Cl(2)) PhF) ].
- 两个阶段的外热反应,总度为-215 kJ mol ((-1).
- 实验结果与DFT计算一致.
结论:
- 这项研究展示了终端化物的电友性插入到芳香C-H键的第一个例子.
- 拟议的机制涉及将化物N原子插入到基烯C-H键中.
- 这种反应为通过金属化物介导的C-H功能化途径提供了新的见解.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene
The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction
Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
Preparation of Amines: Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones
Carbonyl compounds and primary amines undergo reductive amination first to produce imines, followed by secondary amines in the same reaction mixture, using selective reducing agents like sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride. Reductive amination produces different degrees of substitution of amines depending on the starting amine substrate.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1
Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...


