人类疟疾寄生虫Plasmodium falciparum在大猩猩中的起源
Weimin Liu1, Yingying Li, Gerald H Learn
1Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
Nature
|September 25, 2010
概括
致命的疟疾寄生虫Plasmodium falciparum起源于大猩猩,而不是人类. 这项研究分析了猿类DNA,揭示了大猩猩的疟原虫和人类病原体之间的直接联系.
科学领域:
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 寄生虫学的寄生虫学
背景情况:
- 疟原虫 (Plasmodium falciparum) 是人类的主要疟疾寄生虫,但它的进化起源仍有争议.
- 了解寄生虫的历史对于控制疟疾至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查Plasmodium falciparum的起源和进化历史.
- 为了识别野生猿中的Plasmodium物种及其与人类寄生虫的关系.
主要方法:
- 开发了一种单基因组放大技术,用于检测猿便样本中的Plasmodium DNA.
- 收集并分析了来自中非野生猿的近3000个便标本.
- 测序了1100多个线粒体,虫细胞和核基因,这些基因来自猿的Plasmodium分离物.
主要成果:
- 在黑猩猩和西部大猩猩中发现了杆菌寄生虫,但在东部大猩猩或猩猩中没有发现.
- 99%的猿类Plasmodium序列属于六个不同的宿主特异系,属于Laverania亚属.
- 西部大猩猩的寄生虫与人类的Plasmodium falciparum几乎完全相同.
- 遗传学分析显示,人类的P. falciparum嵌入了大猩猩寄生虫辐射中.
结论:
- 杆菌原始起源于大猩猩.
- 这种寄生虫不是黑猩猩,黑猩猩或古代人类的寄生虫.
- 这一发现重新塑造了我们对疟疾进化历史的理解.
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