表观遗传状态的分子信号
Roberto Bonasio1, Shengjiang Tu, Danny Reinberg
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 30, 2010
概括
表观遗传信号控制细胞如何记住环境或发育线索. 了解这些表观遗传状态是如何通过细胞分裂传递的,是解决表观遗传疾病的关键.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 表观遗传信号通过转录状态建立和维护细胞记忆.
- 复杂的表观遗传状态涉及转录因子,非编码RNA,DNA甲基化和基因组修饰.
- 通过细胞分裂传递表观遗传信息尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 阐明细胞分裂期间表观遗传信息传播的机制.
- 为了加深对管理表观遗传状态的分子框架的理解.
- 为了解决疾病中的表观遗传失调提供见解.
主要方法:
- 该研究的重点是表观遗传遗传的分子机制.
- 它检查了维护细胞记忆的各种表观遗传因素的相互作用.
- 这项研究探讨了这些因素是如何在细胞几代之间传播的.
主要成果:
- 摘要不包含具体的结果,但暗示理解传输机制是重点.
- 它强调了表观遗传状态的转移性质及其对信号的响应性.
- 这项研究旨在澄清表观遗传信息是如何稳定地遗传的.
结论:
- 对表观遗传机制的全面理解对于细胞记忆至关重要.
- 澄清表观遗传传输对于理解细胞命运和发育至关重要.
- 这种知识对于开发治疗表观遗传障碍的治疗策略至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:37Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
X-chromosome...
01:46Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
01:46Epigenetic Regulation
Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
02:32Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
02:32Histone Modification
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
03:17Inheritance of Chromatin Structures
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...