细菌免疫系统的CRISPR/Cas可以将菌体和等离子体DNA切割
Josiane E Garneau1, Marie-Ève Dupuis, Manuela Villion
1Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Félix d'Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada.
Nature
|November 5, 2010
概括
菌热球菌CRISPR1/Cas系统可以从等离子体中获得间隔器,导致等离子体损失并提供对抗生素耐药性基因的免疫力. 这种细菌免疫系统迅速分裂入侵的DNA.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 细菌和古生物拥有对外来核酸的防御机制.
- 集群定期间隔的短时间的平行列重复 (CRISPR) /与CRISPR相关的 (Cas) 系统提供了序列特定的免疫力.
- 克里斯普尔系统从外来DNA中获得间隔器,以识别和中和随后的入侵.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查Streptococcus thermophilus CRISPR1/Cas系统是否可以从自我复制等离子体中获得间隔器.
- 确定获得间隔剂在等离体损失和细菌免疫力中的作用.
- 为CRISPR1/Cas系统的DNA裂变机制提供体内证据.
主要方法:
- 通过CRISPR1/Cas系统从含有抗生素耐药基因的等离体中获得间隔器的实验采集.
- 在含有获得间隔器的细菌中观察等离子体损失.
- 在体内分析CRISPR1/Cas系统在等离子体和菌体DNA上的DNA裂变活性.
主要成果:
- 菌热球菌CRISPR1/Cas系统从自我复制等离子体中获得了间隔器,导致等离子体损失.
- 针对抗生素耐药基因的获得间隔剂赋予了对等离子体吸收和传播的免疫力.
- 在体内研究证实了CRISPR1/Cas系统在原始空间位点对等离子体和菌体双链DNA的特定裂变.
结论:
- CRISPR/Cas免疫系统具有适应性,可以准自我复制的等离子体,而不仅仅是病毒基因组.
- 这种自然选择机制阻止了抗生素耐药性基因的吸收和传播.
- 克里斯普尔/卡斯系统的高效DNA分裂能力为开发更安全的微生物菌株提供了潜力.
相关概念视频
CRISPR
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
Homologous Recombination
The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
CRISPR and crRNAs
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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CRISPR
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR
CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this defense.
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...


