如何学习阅读改变视觉和语言的皮质网络
Stanislas Dehaene1, Felipe Pegado, Lucia W Braga
1INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France. stanislas.dehaene@gmail.com
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 13, 2010
概括
学习阅读和写作可以增强大脑功能,特别是在视觉处理区域. 即使是成年人读写能力的获取也显著地完善了皮质组织和认知能力.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
背景情况:
- 识字对大脑功能的影响是研究的一个关键领域.
- 了解阅读获取如何塑造神经通路对于教育干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 研究识字对大脑功能的影响.
- 为了确定是否识字的获取,无论是在童年还是成年,改变神经对各种刺激的反应.
主要方法:
- fMRI扫描对具有不同识字水平的成年人进行了扫描 (文盲,成人识字,儿童识字).
- 测量了大脑对口语和书面语言,面孔,房屋,工具和象棋的反应.
主要成果:
- 识字增强了书面语言的左侧状激活,面部识别的竞争较小.
- 观察到状和皮皮层 (包括V1) 中视觉反应的广泛增强.
- 语音激活到时平面的语音和上下正写激活与识字提高.
- 这些神经变化甚至在那些在成年后学会识字的人身上也很明显.
结论:
- 识字显著提升皮质组织,增强大脑功能.
- 儿童和成年人的识字能力都会对神经可塑性和认知能力产生深远的影响.
- 大脑表现出显著的适应能力,整合新的技能,如阅读在整个寿命.
相关概念视频
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