希斯蒂丁的质子化,分离化和旋转结构:通过魔术角度旋转固态NMR进行全面的研究
1Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|January 7, 2011
概括
这项研究使用固态NMR揭示了依赖于pH的histidine的化学转移,观察了罕见的π tautomer和键. 这些发现为了解胺提供了关键数据.
科学领域:
- 生物物理化学 生物物理化学
- 结构生物学 结构生物学
- 核磁共振 (NMR) 光谱学 核磁共振 (NMR) 光谱学
背景情况:
- 胺的结构和化学成分对于酶活性位,离子通道和金属蛋白中的蛋白质功能至关重要.
- 之前使用固态NMR进行的关于histidine化学转移的研究缺乏全面的pH依赖性和分体结构分析.
研究的目的:
- 系统地研究 (15) N, (13) C 和 (1) H 的完全pH依赖性,对histidine 的化学转移.
- 为了确定这些化学物质的敏感性,这些化学物质的敏感性会转移到对子体结构和质子化状态.
- 为了在广泛的pH范围内建立对histidine的基准NMR参数.
主要方法:
- 使用神奇旋转角固态NMR光谱技术进行了测试.
- 使用了二维的同核和异核相关性光谱.
- 测量是在4.5至11的pH范围内进行的.
主要成果:
- 发现丁的化学变化对质子化状态和分体结构高度敏感.
- 希斯蒂丁的罕见的 π 双体在基本 pH 时首次被观察到.
- 检测到了内部和分子间的键相互作用,N-H键长度测量量了键强度.
- 使用脊柱侧链距离,精确测量了histidine侧链扭矩角 (χ(1) 和χ(2),显示与晶体结构值密切一致.
结论:
- 这项工作提供了广泛的pH范围内的histidine NMR参数的全面数据集.
- 这些发现有助于研究蛋白质中功能性重要的胺残留物.
- 观察到的复合体形式和键可以更深入地了解胺在生物系统中的作用.
相关概念视频
¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Temporal Resolution
Protons bonded to heteroatoms such as nitrogen and oxygen exhibit a range of chemical shift values. This is due to the varying degree of hydrogen bonding between the proton and the heteroatom in other molecules. The extent of hydrogen bonding affects the electron density around the proton, thereby giving different chemical shift values for the protons in the proton NMR spectrum.
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...
The –OH proton in alcohols typically appears in the range of δ 2 to 5 ppm but can vary depending on the specific...
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR
The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution
At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
Structure of Amines
The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are illustrated in Figure...
NMR Spectroscopy Of Amines
In proton NMR spectroscopy, primary amines and secondary amines showcase their N–H protons as a broad signal in the chemical shift range between δ 0.5 and 5 ppm. The exact position in this range depends on several factors, including sample concentration, hydrogen bonding, and the type of solvent used. Since amine protons undergo fast proton exchange in solution, the protons are labile and therefore do not participate in any splitting with adjacent protons. Thus, the observed peak is broad and...
¹H NMR of Labile Protons: Deuterium (²H) Substitution
This lesson illustrates the role of deuterium substitution in simplifying the NMR spectrum of compounds comprising labile protons. One method employed is the use of deuterium. Amongst the three isotopes of hydrogen, deuterium (2H) has a nucleus composed of one proton and one neutron. When the D2O solvent is added to a pure dry ethanol solution, its labile proton is substituted with deuterium.


