印度的医疗保健和公平
Y Balarajan1, S Selvaraj, S V Subramanian
1Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|January 14, 2011
概括
在印度,由于社会经济地位,地理位置和性别,医疗保健的准入面临着严重的不平等. 高昂的自费医疗支出每年使数百万人陷入贫困,要求紧急改革卫生系统.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
背景情况:
- 尽管印度医疗保健获得改善,但与社会经济地位,地理位置和性别相关的重大不平等仍然存在.
- 高昂的自费医疗支出不成比例地负担家庭,超过75%的财务负担由家庭承担.
- 每年的医疗保健费用每年使大约3900万印度人陷入贫困,突出了金融风险保护的关键差距.
研究的目的:
- 确定阻碍印度医疗保健服务提供,融资和金融风险保护等方面的公平性的主要挑战.
- 为印度的人口提供公平的医疗保健提出战略干预措施.
主要方法:
- 分析印度现有医疗保健系统的挑战.
- 确定导致健康不平等和财务负担的因素.
- 对卫生系统改革的政策建议的审查.
主要成果:
- 主要挑战包括资源分配不平衡,获得优质服务和卫生工作人员的不足,以及高额自费支出.
- 医疗支出的通货膨胀和影响医疗需求的行为因素进一步加剧了复合不平等.
- 现有的医疗保健融资机制无法提供足够的金融风险保护.
结论:
- 在印度实现医疗保健公平需要采取多方面的方法,包括使用公平指标进行强有力的监测和投资于医疗系统研究.
- 对卫生改革进行精确的审议决策流程和重新定义参与者的问责制至关重要.
- 加强公共卫生和初级保健服务对于确保印度各地提供更公平的医疗保健服务至关重要.
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