相关实验视频
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06:16
mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
Published on: May 1, 2021
通过miRNAs进行基因调节的节模型
Sergej Djuranovic1, Ali Nahvi, Rachel Green
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 5, 2011
概括
微RNAs (miRNAs) 和小干扰RNAs (siRNAs) 在转录后调节基因表达. 本综述探讨了miRNA介导的基因抑制机制,寻求其功能的一体化模型.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 在RNA生物学,RNA生物学.
背景情况:
- 微RNA (miRNA) 和小干扰RNA (siRNA) 是基因表达的关键调节者.
- 这些小RNA与阿尔戈诺特蛋白一起作用,以控制信使RNA (mRNA) 水平的转录后.
- SiRNAs通常会分裂具有高互补性的mRNA,而miRNAs也可以抑制翻译或破坏具有较低互补性的mRNA的稳定性.
研究的目的:
- 审查目前用于研究miRNA功能和机制的基因特异性和全球方法.
- 确定miRNA介导的基因抑制的统一模型.
- 突出需要对核心组件特点和事件时间进行系统分析.
主要方法:
- 对基因特异性和全球实验方法的审查.
- 对miRNA和siRNA机制的现有文献进行分析.
- 讨论阿尔戈纳特相关蛋白质的分子特异性.
主要成果:
- 不同的机制,包括翻译抑制和mRNA破坏稳定,都与miRNA介导的基因抑制有关.
- 这些镇压事件的确切时间,合和相对重要性仍然不完全理解.
- 现有的方法提供了洞察力,但全面的理解需要进一步的系统分析.
结论:
- 对miRNA介导的基因抑制的统一模型仍在开发中.
- 进一步研究重点关注关键蛋白质的分子特异性和抑制事件的时间动态至关重要.
- 系统分析将阐明miRNA功能复杂的机制.
相关概念视频
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
01:22MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
01:23Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
01:23RNA Interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
02:15Experimental RNAi
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...