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Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics
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针对非传染性疾病危机的优先行动
Robert Beaglehole1, Ruth Bonita, Richard Horton
1University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. r.beaglehole@auckland.ac.nz
Lancet (London, England)
|April 9, 2011
概括
一项针对心脏病和癌症等非传染性疾病 (NCD) 的全球行动计划提出了五个关键干预措施. 控制烟草是最紧迫的优先事项,目标是到2040年,世界基本上没有烟草.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 预防医学 预防医学
背景情况:
- 非传染性疾病 (NCD) 构成了重大的全球卫生危机,阻碍了减贫和经济稳定等发展目标.
- 包括心脏病,中风,癌症,糖尿病和慢性呼吸道疾病在内的非传染性疾病是全球过早死亡,发病率和残疾的主要原因.
研究的目的:
- 概述一个全面的全球战略,并提出优先行动,以应对日益严重的非传染性疾病危机.
- 确定NCD预防和治疗的关键干预措施,强调成本效益和可行性.
- 倡导持续的全球运动,以减少非传染性疾病导致的过早死亡率和残疾.
主要方法:
- "柳叶刀"杂志的NCD行动小组和NCD联盟提出了五项总体优先行动:领导力,预防,治疗,国际合作,监测和问责制.
- 确定了五项优先干预措施:控制烟草,减少盐分,改善饮食和身体活动,减少有害酒精摄入量,以及获得基本药物和技术.
- 干预措施的选择基于健康影响,成本效益,实施可行性和政治可行性.
主要成果:
- 确定的最紧迫的优先事项是烟草控制,提出的目标是到2040年,全球烟草使用率在5%以下.
- 实施这些优先干预措施需要估计全球每年约90亿美元的承诺.
- 预计这些干预措施的广泛采用将使非传染性疾病的死亡率每年减少2%,从而避免数以千万计的过早死亡.
结论:
- 一个协调的全球应对,专注于领导力,预防和治疗,对于解决NCD危机至关重要.
- 战略性投资于具有成本效益的干预措施,特别是烟草控制,可以带来巨大的社会和经济效益.
- 实现减少非传染性疾病的全球目标需要持续的政治意愿,国际合作和强有力的监测机制.
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