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相关概念视频

Life Tables01:22

Life Tables

A life table is a statistical tool that summarizes the mortality and survival patterns of a population, providing detailed insights into the likelihood of survival or death across different age intervals within a cohort. By organizing data on survival probabilities and mortality rates, life tables offer a clear snapshot of population dynamics over time. They are extensively used in demography, public health, actuarial science, and ecology to analyze life expectancy, design health interventions,...
Applications of Life Tables01:22

Applications of Life Tables

Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when researchers try to extrapolate results...
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Actuarial Approach01:20

Actuarial Approach

The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice
04:18

Modeling Ascending Vaginal Infection, Preterm Birth, and Neonatal Morbidity in Mice

Published on: October 10, 2025

死亡出生:在哪里? 在哪里? 在什么时候? 为什么?为什么? 如何使数据计数?如何使数据计数?

Joy E Lawn1, Hannah Blencowe, Robert Pattinson

  • 1Saving Newborn Lives/Save the Children, Cape Town, South Africa. joylawn@yahoo.co.uk

Lancet (London, England)
|April 19, 2011
PubMed
概括

每年发生数百万例死产,主要发生在低收入国家,这凸显了母亲和儿童健康监测和数据收集的关键差距. 改进的数据和分类系统对于全球预防死产的努力至关重要.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

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14:43

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科学领域:

  • 全球卫生健康 全球卫生健康
  • 孕产妇和儿童的健康
  • 围产期流行病学 围产期流行病学

背景情况:

  • 死产是一个被忽视的全球卫生问题,在很大程度上被排除在主要的国际卫生指标和目标之外.
  • 据估计,2008年全球发生了265万例死产,其中98%发生在低收入和中等收入国家.
  • 不平等存在,撒哈拉以南非洲和南亚的农村地区的死产率更高.

研究的目的:

  • 突出全球死产问题的隐形性和规模.
  • 确定与死胎相关的主要人口和地理因素.
  • 倡导改善死胎的数据收集,分类和报告.

主要方法:

  • 对2008年全球死胎估计的分析,按出生体重和妊娠年龄分层.
  • 检查死胎的地理和人口分布,包括农村和城市环境.
  • 审查现有的死胎数据收集和分类系统.

主要成果:

  • 2008年估计有超过265万例死产,其中98%发生在低收入和中等收入国家.
  • 在死产率和获得熟练分娩服务的机会方面,农村和城市存在显著的差异.
  • 据估计,每年有119万例产后死产,通常与产科紧急情况有关.

结论:

  • 死产需要迫切的全球关注,并纳入健康监测框架.
  • 解决农村地区的差异和改善获得产科护理的机会至关重要.
  • 标准化分类和改善生命记录是有效的死产预防策略的必要条件.