暂停RNA聚合酶II作为一个发育检查点
1Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Cell
|May 14, 2011
概括
基因激活通常依赖于从促进体释放RNA聚合酶II (Pol II),而不仅仅是初始结合. 这挑战了教科书的观点,并影响了对发育基因网络的理解.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
背景情况:
- 传统模型认为RNA聚合酶II (Pol II) 促进体相互作用是基因激活的速度限制步骤.
- 新出现的证据表明,替代性调节机制对于基因表达控制至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查基因激活的机制,重点关注转录延长.
- 讨论近位促进体释放的Pol II在发育过程中对基因网络调节的影响.
主要方法:
- 对基因激活和转录调节研究的文献综述.
- 从人类胚胎干细胞和Drosophila胚胎中分析数据.
- 综合与Pol II释放和基因网络动态相关的发现.
主要成果:
- 证据挑战了关于基因激活仅限于促进体相互作用的教科书观点.
- 对转录延长的调节,特别是Pol II释放,越来越被认为对差异性基因表达至关重要.
- 这种机制在控制动物发育的复杂基因网络中起作用.
结论:
- 从近位促进体释放Pol II是激活基因的关键调节步骤.
- 了解这种机制对于破译动物发育的遗传控制至关重要.
- 这一修订后的观点影响了对基因网络和发育过程的研究.
更多相关视频
10:59Artificial RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes for Dissecting Co-transcriptional RNA Processing Events
Published on: May 13, 2019
10:49A Murine Cell Line Based Model of Chronic CDK9 Inhibition to Study Widespread Non-Genetic Transcriptional Elongation Defects (TEdeff) in Cancers
Published on: September 26, 2019
相关概念视频
02:36DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle
In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
02:37Restarting Stalled Replication Forks
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
00:58Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases
RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
02:36RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
00:58Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases
RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
02:36RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...