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相关概念视频

Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Feedback Loops01:01

Feedback Loops

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In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
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Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

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Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
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Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

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Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
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Regulation of Food Intake01:30

Regulation of Food Intake

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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis
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一个依赖激素的模块,调节能量平衡.

Biao Wang1, Noel Moya, Sherry Niessen

  • 1Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Cell
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

科学家们发现了一种新的荷尔蒙调节途径,涉及SIK3和HDAC4,可以控制禁食期间的能量平衡. 这条通路与SIRT1通路一起工作,以管理脂肪和葡萄糖代谢.

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科学领域:

  • 代谢调节 代谢调节 代谢调节
  • 分子内分泌学分子内分泌学
  • 多虫的遗传学 多虫的遗传学

背景情况:

  • 转生动物在禁食期间转向燃烧脂肪,以保持能量平衡.
  • SIRT1 deacetylates FOXO 在压力和营养缺乏下促进代谢基因表达.
  • 对于FOXO脱乙的荷尔蒙调节还没有完全理解.

研究的目的:

  • 确定激素信号调节FOXO脱乙化的机制.
  • 阐明一个荷尔蒙依赖模块在能量平衡中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 使用Drosophila melanogaster作为一个模型生物.
  • 研究了Ser/Thr激酶SIK3和IIa类脱乙酶HDAC4.4的作用.
  • 分析了FOXO活动,酸化和亚细胞局部化.
  • 评估了的饥饿敏感性和脂质积累.

主要成果:

  • 确定了SIK3和HDAC4作为调节FOXO活动的荷尔蒙依赖模块.
  • 在养 (胰岛素刺激) 期间,SIK3在细胞质中化和隔离HDAC4.
  • 禁食期间SIK3的失活导致HDAC4的核转位和FOXO脱.
  • 由于依赖FOXO的脂解,SIK3突变表现出饥饿敏感性.
  • 减少HDAC4表达恢复了SIK3突变中的脂质积累.

结论:

  • 涉及SIK3和HDAC4的新型荷尔蒙调节通路控制FOXO活动和能量平衡.
  • 这条通路与SIRT1通路并行运行.
  • 这些发现提供了关于禁食期间代谢适应的见解.