ಕಂಡ素与基因素H2A的关联塑造了线粒染色体的形状
Kenji Tada1, Hiroaki Susumu, Takeshi Sakuno
1Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
Nature
|June 3, 2011
概括
裂变酵母研究揭示了凝聚蛋白如何被招募到基因和染色质中,调节细胞分裂期间的染色体结构. 这阐明了精确的染色体分离在线索分裂的分子基础.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
背景情况:
- 染色体结构调节对于细胞分裂至关重要.
- 凝聚蛋白在染色体凝聚和分离中起着关键作用.
- 凝聚素在动态中的确切作用和加载机制尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究裂变酵母蛋白Pcs1和Mde4在凝聚酶招募中的作用.
- 为了识别与染色体结合的凝聚素相关的染色质因子.
- 阐明了线粒体染色体结构的时空调节.
主要方法:
- 使用裂变酵母 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) 作为一个模型生物.
- 研究了基内托霍尔蛋白,凝聚素和染色素之间的相互作用.
- 分析了 Aurora B 激酶在凝酸化和局部化中的作用.
主要成果:
- 裂变酵母Pcs1和Mde4蛋白质在kinetochore中充当凝聚酶招募剂.
- 凝素可能会在基因相基因中住微管结合部位.
- 素的Aurora B激酶依赖酸化促进了其与素H2A和H2A.Z.的关联.
- 酶酸化和沉积峰值在亚纳相期间,与 Aurora B 激酶转移相关.
结论:
- Pcs1和Mde4是对凝素招募到动态细胞的关键因素.
- 基因组H2A和H2A.Z作为冷凝酶的保护色素受体.
- 欧罗拉B酶调节凝聚酸化和染色质协会,以进行适当的染色体分离.
相关概念视频
02:33The Nucleosome
DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
02:15Condensins
Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
02:38Heterochromatin
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...
02:33The Nucleosome
DNA in a human cell is almost 2m long and it is packed inside a tiny nucleus that is only a few microns in diameter. The level of compaction of DNA inside the nucleus is astonishing. It is organized into several sequentially higher levels of compaction to fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called histone core, that consist of 8 histone proteins. This complex...
02:15Condensins
Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
01:19The Nucleosome
Human DNA is almost two meters long. However, it is compressed inside a tiny nucleus measuring only a few microns in diameter. To make this degree of compaction possible, DNA is organized into several sequential levels so that it can fit into such a tiny space. The most compact form of DNA is a chromosome that can be seen under a microscope in a dividing cell.
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...
In a chromosome, DNA is wound twice around a protein complex called a histone octamer core, which consists of 8 histone proteins. This...