相关实验视频
理论和实践中的小额信贷:使用随机信用评分进行影响评估.
1Department of Economics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. dean.karlan@yale.edu
概括
菲律宾的小额信贷贷款增加了借贷,但降低了商业活动和福祉. 虽然微型贷款没有像预期的那样促进女性创业,但它改善了风险管理和社区关系.
科学领域:
- 发展经济学 发展经济学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 减轻贫困 减轻贫困 减轻贫困
背景情况:
- 小额信贷是减少贫困的重要全球工具,主要针对女性企业家.
- 支持者声称小额信贷通过解决市场失败来刺激企业的增长和提高借款人的福祉.
研究的目的:
- 实证测试小额信贷对企业增长,福祉和贫困的假设影响.
- 调查小额信贷影响菲律宾借款人的具体道.
主要方法:
- 一项随机对照试验 (RCT) 涉及菲律宾1601名个人.
- 个人负债小额贷款 (平均为225美元) 通过信用评分被分配,结果被评估为11-22个月.
主要成果:
- 在接受治疗的群体中,净贷款显著增加,这表明以年化利率约60%的未满足需求.
- 商业活动和就业水平下降,借款人的主观幸福感略有下降.
- 治疗效应对女性来说并不明显;然而,小额贷款增强了应对风险,社区联系和非正式的信贷.
结论:
- 在这种情况下,小额信贷并没有像支持者所说的那样刺激企业的增长或福祉.
- 微型信贷的好处可能通过改善风险管理和社会资本等机制来发挥作用,而不是直接扩大业务.
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