染色体与多能性和细胞重编程的联系
Stuart H Orkin1, Konrad Hochedlinger
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. stuart_orkin@dfci.harvard.edu
Cell
|June 14, 2011
概括
胚胎干细胞 (ESC) 揭示了控制自我更新和重编程的调节网络. 这些网络将多能性因子与染色质交织在一起,影响细胞状态和环境反应.
科学领域:
- 干细胞生物学 干细胞生物学
- 表观遗传学 在表观遗传学中,表观遗传学是指表观遗传学.
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
背景情况:
- 胚胎干细胞 (ESC) 是理解细胞自我更新,分化和重编程的关键模型.
- 多能性涉及到复杂的蛋白质和转录网络,这些网络尚未完全理解.
- 多能性因子和染色体调节之间的相互作用是细胞命运决定的关键.
研究的目的:
- 审查相互连接的蛋白质和转录网络,这些网络在ESC中保持多能性.
- 探索这些网络如何与染色质结构和功能相互作用.
- 讨论环境因素和非编码RNA对细胞状态和重编程的影响.
主要方法:
- 关于胚胎干细胞多能性研究的文献综述.
- 对调控网络,色素因子和非编码RNA的分析.
- 检查X染色体无活化和转分化过程.
主要成果:
- 多能性是由高度连接的蛋白质和转录网络维持的.
- 这些网络与染色质结构和功能密切相关.
- X染色体不活化,非编码RNA和环境线索是这些复杂的相互关系的例子.
- 环境影响可以通过暂时的"塑料"状态在重编程期间指导转录程序.
结论:
- 多能性的维护是由复杂的,相互连接的监管网络来管理的.
- 染色素因子在调节这些网络和细胞命运方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 环境线索可以诱导可塑性,在重编程过程中实现定向的转录变化,突出显示细胞状态的动态性质.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Combinatorial Gene Control
8.6K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
8.6K
Gene Duplication and Divergence
6.8K
The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
6.8K
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells
3.1K
The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
3.1K
Lineage Commitment
3.4K
Commitment is the process whereby stem cells:
3.4K
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming
2.1K
Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
2.1K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming
1.4K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.4K


