酵母细胞的细胞循环蛋白质体的酵母细胞中心体的蛋白质体
Jamie M Keck1, Michele H Jones, Catherine C L Wong
1Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
概括
研究人员在酵母中心体上绘制了蛋白质酸化图,揭示了线粒状的复杂调节. 关键突变导致细胞致死性和线粒体缺陷,突出显示酸化.
科学领域:
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 中心体对于组织双极性线粒体旋至关重要,对于精确的染色体分离至关重要.
- 中心细胞结构或功能上的缺陷可能导致染色体不稳定和积体.
- 已知翻译后的修改,特别是蛋白质酸化,可以调节蛋白质功能和细胞过程.
研究的目的:
- 在完整的酵母中心体上创建蛋白质酸化位点的全面地图.
- 研究特定酸化事件在调节中心细胞功能和细胞周期进展中的作用.
- 确定负责酸化中心体蛋白质的激酶,并了解它们的调节机制.
主要方法:
- 利用质谱法识别和量化18个核心中心体蛋白质的酸化位点,跨越不同细胞周期阶段.
- 采用基因操纵技术来突变特定的酸化位点,包括循环林依赖激酶 (Cdk) 点.
- 观察了这些突变对心体组合,形形成和细胞活力的表型后果.
主要成果:
- 鉴定了酵母中心体上的297个不同的酸化位点,揭示了复杂的蛋白质组.
- 证明了不同的调节模式,包括酶特异性向,酸化位点聚类和酸化残留物的保存.
- 显示Spc42中所有八个Cdk导向位点的突变导致致命性和中枢细胞组合受损.
- 发现,在γ-tubulin (Tub4-S360D) 中突变单个保存的Cdk位导致线粒延迟和异常的亚纳相旋延长.
结论:
- 确立了酸化的广泛和复杂性质,作为中心体生物学中关键的翻译后修饰.
- 提供了具体的例子,说明酸化事件如何直接控制中心体功能的关键方面,包括组织和细胞周期进展.
- 突出了Cdk介导酸化在维护中心细胞完整性和适当的线粒进化过程中的重要性.
相关概念视频
Centrosome Duplication
The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Centrosome Duplication
The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Centrioles and Centrosomes
Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...
Positive Regulator Molecules
Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
Positive Regulator Molecules
To consistently produce healthy cells, the cell cycle—the process that generates daughter cells—must be precisely regulated.
The Cell Cycle Control System
The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...


