片:二金属中超结合和固体排斥的对比特征
Katherine R Compaan1, Jeremiah J Wilke, Henry F Schaefer
1Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 28, 2011
概括
本研究详细介绍了第一个由Cp型联结体支持的(II) - (II) 键在Cp2*Al2I2.2.中的第一个. 计算分析揭示了固态和电子因素如何影响Al-Al键和相关的有机物种.
科学领域:
- 有机金属化学 有机金属化学
- 计算化学计算化学
- 无机化学 无机化学 有机化学
背景情况:
- 新型三明治复合体Cp2*Al2I2的合成是一个显著的进步.
- 这个复合体具有第一个由Cp型联结体稳定的Al(II) -Al(II) 键.
- Cp2*Al2I2 作为一种关键的中间体,用于合成有机化合物.
研究的目的:
- 描述Cp2*Al2I2和相关化合物的电子结构和结合.
- 系统地研究素和配体对Al-Al键的影响.
- 探索固体和电子效应对这些有机复合物的特性相互作用.
主要方法:
- 使用了ab initio和密度函数理论 (DFT) 的计算.
- 一系列20个Cp2*Al2I2衍生品使用DFT与相对论基础集进行了研究.
- 焦点 (FP) 方法用于高精度的能量计算,包括扭力障碍.
主要成果:
- 该研究证实了Cp2*Al2I2中的Al(II) -Al(II) 键,并探索了其衍生品.
- 对Al-Al键的素和配体效应进行了系统分析.
- 扭曲潜在能量曲线,自然种群分析和化/脱的度被计算出来,揭示了硬质和电子的影响.
结论:
- 连接物选择显著调节这些有机团的结构和特性.
- 过度结合效应主导着具有小联结体的扭曲景观,而硬质排斥则是体积大的Cp*联结体的关键.
- 这项研究提供了关于低价值有机化合物的结合和反应性的基本见解.
相关概念视频
Electrophilic Addition to Alkynes: Halogenation
Introduction
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
Halogenation is another class of electrophilic addition reactions where a halogen molecule gets added across a π bond. In alkynes, the presence of two π bonds allows for the addition of two equivalents of halogens (bromine or chlorine). The addition of the first halogen molecule forms a trans-dihaloalkene as the major product and the cis isomer as the minor product. Subsequent addition of the second equivalent yields the tetrahalide.
[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction
The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes
The Diels–Alder reaction brings together a diene and a dienophile to form a six-membered ring. Both components have unique characteristics that influence the rate of the reaction.
Characteristics of the diene
Conformation
The simplest example of a diene is 1,3-butadiene, an acyclic conjugated π system. At room temperature, the molecule exists as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans conformers by virtue of rotation around the carbon–carbon single bond. Although the s-trans isomer is more stable, the...
Characteristics of the diene
Conformation
The simplest example of a diene is 1,3-butadiene, an acyclic conjugated π system. At room temperature, the molecule exists as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans conformers by virtue of rotation around the carbon–carbon single bond. Although the s-trans isomer is more stable, the...
ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens
Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
Diels–Alder Reaction Forming Cyclic Products: Stereochemistry
The Diels–Alder reaction is one of the robust methods for synthesizing unsaturated six-membered rings. The reaction involves a concerted cyclic movement of six π electrons: four π electrons from the diene and two π electrons from the dienophile.
Stability of Conjugated Dienes
Introduction
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.

